Exosomes have been intensively studied in autoimmune diseases, and circulating exosomes and microvesicles have also been explored in autoimmune thyroiditis (AITD). However, the role of thyroid cell-derived exosomes in immune responses is unclear. We showed that IFN-γ-treated Nthy-ori 3-1 cell-derived exosomes (IFN-γ-Exo) harbored TPO, HSP60 and MHC-II and activated dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro. Compared with Exo-targeted DCs (DCExo), IFN-γ-Exo-targeted DCs (DCIFN-γ-Exo) promoted the expression and release of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IFN-γ, IL-17A and IL-22, from CD4+ T lymphocytes and inhibited the expression and release of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β1; however, IFN-γ-Exo did not have this effect compared with Nthy-ori 3-1 cell-derived exosomes (Exo). DCIFN-γ-Exo stimulates the expression and release of cytokines from CD4+ T lymphocytes more efficiently than IFN-γ-Exo. Thus, DCIFN-γ-Exo may effectively induce CD4+ T lymphocyte-mediated immune responses and play a role in the occurrence and development of AITD.

中文翻译：

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甲状腺细胞来源的外来体靶向树突状细胞刺激强烈的CD4 + T淋巴细胞反应。

外泌体已在自身免疫疾病中进行了深入研究，循环外泌体和微囊泡也在自身免疫性甲状腺炎（AITD）中得到了探索。然而，甲状腺细胞源性外来体在免疫反应中的作用尚不清楚。我们显示，IFN-γ处理的Nthy-ori 3-1细胞来源的外泌体（IFN-γ-Exo）在体外具有TPO，HSP60和MHC-II以及活化的树突状细胞（DC）。与以Exo为靶点的DCs（DCExo）相比，以IFN-γ-Exo为靶点的DCs（DCIFN-γ-Exo）促进CD4 +中促炎细胞因子（如IFN-γ，IL-17A和IL-22）的表达和释放。 T淋巴细胞并抑制IL-4，IL-10和TGF-β1等抗炎细胞因子的表达和释放；但是，与Nthy-ori 3-1细胞来源的外泌体（Exo）相比，IFN-γ-Exo没有这种作用。DCIFN-γ-Exo比IFN-γ-Exo更有效地刺激CD4 + T淋巴细胞表达和释放细胞因子。因此，DCIFN-γ-Exo可以有效诱导CD4 + T淋巴细胞介导的免疫反应，并在AITD的发生和发展中发挥作用。