Aminoglycosides are one of the common classes of antibiotics that have been widely used for treating infections caused by pathogenic bacteria. The mechanism of bactericidal action by aminoglycosides is well-known, by which it terminates the cytoplasmic protein synthesis. However, the potentials of aminoglycosides become hindered when facing the evolution of bacterial resistance mechanisms. Among multiple resistance mechanisms displayed by bacteria against antibiotics, the formation of biofilm is the mechanism that provides a barrier for antibiotics to reach the cellular level. Bacteria present in the biofilm also get protection against the impact of host immune responses, harsh environmental conditions, and other antimicrobial treatments. Hence, with the multifaceted resistance developed by biofilm-forming pathogenic bacteria, antibiotics are therefore discontinued for further applications. However, the recent research developed several alternative strategies such as optimization of the active concentration, modification of the environmental conditions, modification of the chemical structure, combinatorial application with other active agents, and formulation with biocompatible carrier materials to revitalize and exploit the new potential of aminoglycosides. The present review article describes the above mentioned multiple approaches and possible mechanisms for the application of aminoglycosides to treat biofilm-associated infections.

中文翻译：

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应用氨基糖苷类抗生素对形成生物膜的人类致病细菌的替代策略。

氨基糖苷是已广泛用于治疗由病原菌引起的感染的常见抗生素之一。氨基糖苷类杀菌作用的机制是众所周知的，通过它终止细胞质蛋白的合成。但是，当面对细菌抗药性机制的演变时，氨基糖苷的潜力受到了阻碍。在细菌对抗生素表现出的多种耐药机制中，生物膜的形成是为抗生素达到细胞水平提供屏障的机制。生物膜中存在的细菌还可以抵抗宿主免疫反应，恶劣的环境条件和其他抗菌治疗的影响。因此，由于形成生物膜的致病细菌产生了多方面的抵抗力，因此，不再使用抗生素作进一步应用。然而，最近的研究开发了几种替代策略，例如优化活性浓度，改变环境条件，改变化学结构，与其他活性剂组合应用以及与生物相容性载体材料一起配制，以重振和开发新的潜力。氨基糖苷。本篇综述文章介绍了上述多种方法和应用氨基糖苷类药物治疗生物膜相关感染的可能机制。化学结构的修饰，与其他活性剂的组合应用以及生物相容性载体材料的配方，以重振和开发氨基糖苷的新潜力。本综述文章描述了上述多种方法和应用氨基糖苷治疗生物膜相关感染的可能机制。化学结构的修饰，与其他活性剂的组合应用以及生物相容性载体材料的配方，以重振和开发氨基糖苷的新潜力。本综述文章介绍了上述多种方法和应用氨基糖苷类药物治疗生物膜相关感染的可能机制。