Cell membranes spatially define gradients that drive the complexity of biological signals. To guarantee movements and exchanges of solutes between compartments, membrane transporters negotiate the passages of ions and other important molecules through lipid bilayers. The Na+/Ca2+ exchangers (NCXs) in particular play central roles in balancing Na+ and Ca2+ fluxes across diverse proteolipid borders in all eukaryotic cells, influencing cellular functions and fate by multiple means. To prevent progression from balance to disease, redundant regulatory mechanisms cooperate at multiple levels (transcriptional, translational, and post-translational) and guarantee that the activities of NCXs are finely-tuned to cell homeostatic requirements. When this regulatory network is disturbed by pathological forces, cells may approach the end of life. In this review, we will discuss the main findings, controversies and open questions about regulatory mechanisms that control NCX functions in health and disease.

中文翻译：

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破解钠/钙交换器（NCX）门控代码：次级法规的深层次网络中出现了新旧复杂性。

细胞膜在空间上定义梯度，从而驱动生物信号的复杂性。为了保证溶质在隔室之间的移动和交换，膜转运蛋白会通过离子双层来协商离子和其他重要分子的通道。Na + / Ca2 +交换子（NCXs）在所有真核细胞中跨不同蛋白脂边界的Na +和Ca2 +通量平衡，通过多种方式影响细胞功能和命运方面起着核心作用。为了防止疾病从平衡发展到疾病，多余的调节机制在多个水平（转录，翻译和翻译后）上协同工作，并确保将NCX的活性微调到细胞体内平衡的要求。当这种调节网络受到病理因素的干扰时，细胞可能会接近生命的尽头。在这篇评论中