The development of the modern concept of mania is explored by a review and analysis of 28 psychiatric texts in English, French, and German published in Western Europe and North America from 1780 to 1900. From 1780 until the 1820s, mania was consistently viewed as a disorder of reasoning/judgment manifest by total insanity and/or the state of undifferentiated fury. For the next 30 years, the consensus shifted, and mania was understood to be largely a disorder of elevated mood. This concurrence of opinion broke down around 1860. For the remaining years of the 19th century, the mood-based model of mania competed for dominance with the view that mania arose primarily from accelerated mental processes and to a lesser degree that mania resulted from psychomotor excitation. While most authors advocated for one of these three positions, a number suggested that two or all three of these processes were central to the etiology of mania. Faculty psychology played an important role in these discussions, providing a framework within which to place the mental disturbance considered foundational to the manic syndrome. When the viewpoints shifted away from mania as a primary disorder of judgment, new approaches were needed to understand the emergence of grandiose delusions. Utilizing the concept of understandability, a number of authors suggested that manic delusions could arise directly from a euphoric mood. The history of mania shares some important similarities and differences with the history of melancholia during this same period. Both histories suggest that our major psychiatric categories evolved through a complex process involving both observations of symptoms, signs and course, and conceptual developments and a priori theories.

中文翻译：

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我们现代躁狂症概念的起源是在1780年至1900年的文本中。

通过回顾和分析1780年至1900年在西欧和北美出版的28种英文，法文和德文的精神病学文献，探索了现代躁狂症概念的发展。从1780年到1820年代，躁狂症一直被认为是一种推理/判断失常表现为完全精神错乱和/或未分化的愤怒状态。在接下来的30年中，共识发生了变化，人们普遍认为躁狂症是情绪升高的障碍。这种观点的一致在1860年左右就破裂了。在19世纪剩下的几年中，基于躁狂症的情绪模型争夺了主导地位，认为躁狂症主要是由加速的心理过程引起的，而在较小程度上是由精神运动兴奋引起的躁狂症。 。虽然大多数作者主张担任这三个职位之一，许多人认为这两个或全部三个过程对躁狂症的病因至关重要。教师心理学在这些讨论中发挥了重要作用，提供了一个框架来放置被认为是躁狂综合症基础的精神障碍。当观点从躁狂症转变为主要的判断障碍时，需要新的方法来理解宏大妄想的出现。利用可理解性的概念，许多作者建议躁狂妄想可能直接源于欣快的情绪。躁狂病史与同一时期的忧郁病史有一些重要的异同。两种历史都表明，我们的主要精神病学类别是通过复杂的过程演变而来的，包括对症状，体征和病程的观察，