Abstract Cell reversal (CR) caused by fuel starvation can significantly affect the performance of the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). To mitigate this issue, carbon-supported Ir–Ru alloys are considered as one of the most promising PEMFC anode materials. Herein, carbon-supported Ir–Ru alloys were prepared via a simple wet impregnation method followed by solid-state reduction at temperatures of 200, 250, and 300 °C under H2 gas flow and 300, 600, and 900 °C under N2 gas flow. The size, stoichiometric composition, and structural information of the prepared IrRu4/C were investigated using transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray absorption fine structure, the results of which exhibited different electrochemical properties in terms of hydrogen oxidation reaction and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The electrochemical results showed the enhanced OER activities of IrRu4/C formed at 200 °C under H2. Furthermore, IrRu4/C can be formed under N2 with a change in the reduction temperature. This study provides fundamental properties for optimizing synthetic parameters of Ir–Ru-based catalysts to alleviate the degradation of conventional carbon-supported Pt owing to CR issues.

中文翻译：

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电池反转下用于聚合物电解质燃料电池阳极的碳负载Ir-Ru合金的优化

摘要 燃料不足引起的电池反转 (CR) 会显着影响聚合物电解质膜燃料电池 (PEMFC) 的性能。为了缓解这个问题，碳负载的 Ir-Ru 合金被认为是最有前途的 PEMFC 阳极材料之一。在此，碳负载的 Ir-Ru 合金是通过简单的湿浸渍法制备的，然后在 200、250 和 300 °C 的温度下在 H2 气流下以及在 300、600 和 900 °C 下在 N2 气体下进行固态还原流。使用透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜-能量色散 X 射线光谱、X 射线衍射和 X 射线吸收精细结构研究了制备的 IrRu4/C 的尺寸、化学计量组成和结构信息，其结果在氢氧化反应和析氧反应（OER）方面表现出不同的电化学性质。电化学结果表明 IrRu4/C 在 200 °C 下形成的 OER 活性增强。此外，随着还原温度的变化，在 N2 下可以形成 IrRu4/C。该研究为优化 Ir-Ru 基催化剂的合成参数提供了基本特性，以减轻由于 CR 问题导致的传统碳负载 Pt 的降解。