Abstract Layered Li[NixCoyMz]O2 (M = Mn or Al, so-called NCM/NCA) ternary cathode materials have attracted a lot of intensive research efforts for high-performance lithium-ion batteries, because of their combined advantages with respect to energy density, production cost and environmental friendliness. However, those ternary metal oxides (especially Ni-rich) suffer from a few electrochemical cycling problems, such as strong capacity fading, severe voltage decay and safety issues. These problems are attributable mainly to the instability/irreversibility of the chemical composition, crystal structure and particle morphology, and the consequent undesirable physical/chemical processes during the synthesis and lithiation/delithiation processes. To circumvent these obstacles, a variety of strategies based on materials, electrode and electrolyte designs are investigated to effectively stabilize the NCM/NCA cathodes and to improve the electrochemical and thermal performance. This review scrutinizes the performance degradation mechanisms of the NCM/NCA materials and summarizes the recent advances in the materials, electrode and electrolyte levels by focusing on the relationships between the composition, structure, morphology, and properties. This paper intends to provide an easy entry for a comprehensive, systematic and deep understanding of the fundamentals, and offer a critical analysis and summary what have been done in the field and what are the challenges or hurdles to overcome.

中文翻译：

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层状三元金属氧化物：作为阴极的性能退化机制，以及高性能电池的设计策略

摘要 层状 Li[NixCoyMz]O2（M = Mn 或 Al，所谓的 NCM/NCA）三元正极材料因其在能量方面的综合优势而吸引了大量针对高性能锂离子电池的深入研究。密度、生产成本和环境友好性。然而，这些三元金属氧化物（尤其是富镍）存在一些电化学循环问题，如强容量衰减、严重的电压衰减和安全问题。这些问题主要归因于化学成分、晶体结构和颗粒形态的不稳定性/不可逆性，以及合成和锂化/脱锂过程中随之而来的不良物理/化学过程。为了规避这些障碍，基于材料的各种策略，研究了电极和电解质设计以有效稳定 NCM/NCA 阴极并改善电化学和热性能。这篇综述仔细研究了 NCM/NCA 材料的性能退化机制，并通过关注组成、结构、形态和性能之间的关系，总结了材料、电极和电解质水平的最新进展。本文旨在为全面、系统和深入地了解基本原理提供一个简单的入口，并提供批判性分析和总结该领域已完成的工作以及需要克服的挑战或障碍。这篇综述仔细研究了 NCM/NCA 材料的性能退化机制，并通过关注组成、结构、形态和性能之间的关系，总结了材料、电极和电解质水平的最新进展。本文旨在为全面、系统和深入地了解基本原理提供一个简单的入口，并提供批判性分析和总结该领域已完成的工作以及需要克服的挑战或障碍。这篇综述仔细研究了 NCM/NCA 材料的性能退化机制，并通过关注组成、结构、形态和性能之间的关系，总结了材料、电极和电解质水平的最新进展。本文旨在为全面、系统和深入地了解基本原理提供一个简单的入口，并提供批判性分析和总结该领域已完成的工作以及需要克服的挑战或障碍。