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Three-dimensional domain patterns in tetragonal-to-monoclinic Bi4Ti3O12 ceramics: nonlinear analysis and piezoresponse force microscopy imaging
Acta Materialia ( IF 9.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2020.02.007
Shaoxiong Xie , Yu Chen , Wenyuan Liu , Guozhan Xia , Boyuan Huang , Cong Liu , Qingyuan Wang , Jiangyu Li

Abstract Tetragonal-to-monoclinic Bi4Ti3O12 (BIT) exhibits complicated domain patterns thanks to its two independently switchable spontaneous polarizations that lie in the ac plane of the monoclinic unit cell. Utilizing the nonlinear theory of ferroelectric phase transformation based on the deformation gradient tensor and spontaneous polarization, we systematically analyzed domain patterns in BIT, classifying its domain walls (DWs) into five different classes. Three-dimensional piezoresponse force microscopy (3D PFM) was then adopted to characterize the ceramic BIT, revealing intriguing domain patterns in planar, lateral, as well as tilted grains. Guided by the nonlinear theoretical analysis, 3D polarization distributions were successfully reconstructed, wherein 9°-, 90°-, 91°-, and 180°-DWs were observed along with 171°-charged DWs. The nonlinear analysis is thus confirmed by 3D PFM characterizations, and the combined theoretical analysis and experimental investigation contribute to our understanding on the 3D tetragonal-to-monoclinic ferroelectric domain patterns.

中文翻译:

四方到单斜 Bi4Ti3O12 陶瓷中的三维域模式:非线性分析和压电响应力显微镜成像

摘要 四方到单斜 Bi4Ti3O12 (BIT) 由于其两个独立可切换的自发极化位于单斜晶胞的 ac 平面,因此表现出复杂的畴模式。利用基于变形梯度张量和自发极化的铁电相变非线性理论,我们系统地分析了 BIT 中的畴模式,将其畴壁 (DW) 分为五个不同的类别。然后采用三维压电响应力显微镜 (3D PFM) 来表征陶瓷 BIT,揭示了平面、横向和倾斜晶粒中有趣的域图案。在非线性理论分析的指导下,成功重建了 3D 偏振分布,其中观察到 9°-、90°-、91°- 和 180°-DW 以及 171°-带电 DW。
更新日期:2020-04-01
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