Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is a vector‐borne virus belonging to the genus Orthobunyavirus within the Bunyaviridae family. SBV emerged in Europe in 2011 and was characterized by epidemics of abortions, stillbirths and congenital malformations in domestic ruminants. The first evidence of SBV infection in Slovenia was from an ELISA‐positive sample from a cow collected in August 2012; clinical manifestations of SBV disease in sheep and cattle were observed in 2013, with SBV RNA detected in samples collected from a total of 28 herds. A potential re‐emergence of SBV in Europe is predicted to occur when population‐level immunity declines. SBV is also capable of infecting several wild ruminant species, although clinical disease has not yet been described in these species. Data on SBV‐positive wild ruminants suggest that these species might be possible sources for the re‐emergence of SBV. The aim of this study was to investigate whether SBV was circulating among wild ruminants in Slovenia and whether these species can act as a virus reservoir. A total of 281 blood and spleen samples from wild ruminants, including roe deer, red deer, chamois and European mouflon, were collected during the 2017–2018 hunting season. Serum samples were tested for antibodies against SBV by ELISA; the overall seroprevalence was 18.1%. Seropositive samples were reported from all over the country in examined animal species from 1 to 15 years of age. Spleen samples from the seropositive animals and serum samples from the seronegative animals were tested for the presence of SBV RNA using real‐time RT‐PCR; all the samples tested negative. Based on the results of the seropositive animals, it was demonstrated that SBV was circulating in wild ruminant populations in Slovenia even after the epidemic, as almost half (23/51) of the seropositive animals were 1 or 2 years old.

中文翻译：

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斯洛文尼亚野生反刍动物中Schmallenberg病毒的流行后调查。

施马伦贝格病毒（SBV）是属于杆菌属的虫媒病毒Orthobunyavirus的内布尼亚病毒科家庭。SBV于2011年在欧洲出现，其特征是国内反刍动物的流产，死产和先天畸形流行。斯洛文尼亚SBV感染的第一个证据来自2012年8月收集的一头母牛的ELISA阳性样本。2013年观察到绵羊和牛的SBV疾病的临床表现，并从总共28个牛群的样本中检测到SBV RNA。当人群免疫水平下降时，预计欧洲可能会重新出现SBV。SBV还能够感染几种野生反刍动物，尽管尚未在这些物种中描述临床疾病。SBV阳性野生反刍动物的数据表明，这些物种可能是SBV再生的可能来源。这项研究的目的是调查SBV是否在斯洛文尼亚的野生反刍动物中传播，以及这些物种是否可以充当病毒库。在2017-2018年的狩猎季节期间，从野生反刍动物（包括ro，马鹿，羚羊和欧洲盘羊）中采集了281份血液和脾脏样本。通过ELISA测试血清样品中针对SBV的抗体；总体血清阳性率是18.1％。全国各地报告了从1至15岁的动物物种的血清阳性样品。使用实时RT-PCR检测血清阳性动物的脾脏样本和血清阴性动物的血清样本中SBV RNA的存在。所有样品测试均为阴性。根据血清阳性动物的结果，