For biogas production, different renewable feedstocks, e.g., feces, manure, silage, industrial by-products, and municipal waste, can be used. Biogas production from various renewable feedstocks has positive socioeconomic and environmental impact. In Europe, biogas is mainly used for generating heat and electricity. It consists of methane (55–70% by volume), carbon dioxide (30–45% by volume), and small amounts of other compounds. In some cases, biogas is upgraded to pure biomethane and utilized as vehicle fuel, instead of fossil fuels, thus reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases. Biomethane can also serve as a platform chemical in chemical and biochemical synthesis to produce value-added products. The additional positive effects of anaerobic digestion of animal manure and slurries are organic waste degradation, reducing odors, and pathogens. Digestate, obtained as a by-product of anaerobic digestion, is rich in nutrients and therefore is applied as fertilizer in agriculture. Biogas production in Croatia is mainly based on manure and by-products from agriculture, food industry, and slaughterhouses. The obtained biogas is mostly used for electricity and heat generation. Potential for large-scale biogas production in Croatia is still insufficiently used, although various renewable feedstocks are available. More rational and focused management of lignocellulosic residues, animal excrements, food processing by-products, and biodegradable fraction of municipal waste could contribute to the development of Croatian biogas sector. Biogas production in Croatia can be affected by the changes of animal breeding capacity due to the struggle to cope with the European Union (EU) standards and prices. Concerning large unused agricultural areas, great potential lies in their rational exploitation for fast-growing biomass, e.g., for energy crops or perennial grasses. This review will discuss the potential of biogas in the industrial and farming sector, current state of biogas production, and various key drivers and barriers influencing biogas production in Croatia.

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克罗地亚沼气生产的现状

为了生产沼气，可以使用不同的可再生原料，例如粪便，粪肥，青贮饲料，工业副产品和市政废物。各种可再生原料生产的沼气具有积极的社会经济和环境影响。在欧洲，沼气主要用于发电和发电。它由甲烷（占体积的55-70％），二氧化碳（占体积的30-45％）和少量其他化合物组成。在某些情况下，沼气会升级为纯生物甲烷并用作车辆燃料，而不是化石燃料，从而减少了温室气体的排放。生物甲烷还可以用作化学和生化合成中的平台化学品，以生产增值产品。厌氧消化动物粪便和浆液的其他积极作用是有机废物降解，减少气味和病原体。作为厌氧消化的副产物而获得的Digestate富含营养成分，因此被用作农业肥料。克罗地亚的沼气生产主要基于肥料，农业，食品工业和屠宰场的副产品。所获得的沼气主要用于发电和供热。尽管有各种可再生原料，但克罗地亚大规模沼气生产的潜力仍未得到充分利用。对木质纤维素残留物，动物排泄物，食品加工副产品以及城市垃圾的可生物降解部分进行更合理，更集中的管理，可能有助于克罗地亚沼气行业的发展。克罗地亚的沼气生产可能会受到动物育种能力变化的影响，这是因为人们努力应对欧盟的标准和价格。关于未使用的大型农业区，巨大的潜力在于对快速增长的生物质（例如能源作物或多年生草）的合理开发。这篇评论将讨论沼气在工业和农​​业领域的潜力，沼气生产的现状以及影响克罗地亚沼气生产的各种主要驱动因素和障碍。