Crop plants have developed a multitude of defense and adaptation responses to protect themselves against invading pathogens and challenging environmental stresses, mostly operating jointly. The plant perception of overall stress induces a coordinated response mediated by complex signaling networks. Experimental evidences proved that plant response to combined biotic and abiotic stresses substantially diverge from the responses to individual stresses. Moreover, the cross-talk of signaling pathways involved in responding to biotic and abiotic stresses is pivoted on several converging elements able to simultaneously modulate the timing and amplitude of the overall plant response. Comprehensively, the interaction between biotic and abiotic stresses can dramatically changes the plant response to the individual stress and the phenotypical outcome of each stress factor. System biology and data mining can synergistically help biologists in finding out regulative mechanisms and key genes controlling the response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Deploying new genetic engineering solutions can rely on the modification of genes involved in resistance/tolerance processes and/or in the modulation of regulatory elements. Finally, a model of the engineered crop for enhanced tolerance to pressures resulting from invasive pathogens and abiotic constraints in semiarid and warm environment is discussed.

中文翻译：

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通过调节关键响应组件增强作物对环境多重压力的适应能力

作物植物已经发展出多种防御和适应反应来保护自己免受入侵病原体和具有挑战性的环境压力，主要是共同运作。植物对整体压力的感知会引起由复杂信号网络介导的协调反应。实验证据证明，植物对生物和非生物胁迫的反应与对个体胁迫的反应大不相同。此外，参与响应生物和非生物胁迫的信号通路的串扰以几个能够同时调节整个植物响应的时间和幅度的聚合元素为中心。综合来说，生物和非生物胁迫之间的相互作用可以显着改变植物对个体胁迫的反应和每个胁迫因素的表型结果。系统生物学和数据挖掘可以协同帮助生物学家找出调控机制和控制生物和非生物胁迫响应的关键基因。部署新的基因工程解决方案可以依赖于抗性/耐受过程和/或调控元件调节中涉及的基因的修饰。最后，讨论了在半干旱和温暖环境中增强对入侵病原体和非生物限制所产生压力的耐受性的工程作物模型。系统生物学和数据挖掘可以协同帮助生物学家找出调控机制和控制生物和非生物胁迫响应的关键基因。部署新的基因工程解决方案可以依赖于抗性/耐受过程和/或调控元件调节中涉及的基因的修饰。最后，讨论了在半干旱和温暖环境中增强对入侵病原体和非生物限制所产生压力的耐受性的工程作物模型。系统生物学和数据挖掘可以协同帮助生物学家找出调控机制和控制生物和非生物胁迫响应的关键基因。部署新的基因工程解决方案可以依赖于抗性/耐受过程和/或调控元件调节中涉及的基因的修饰。最后，讨论了在半干旱和温暖环境中增强对入侵病原体和非生物限制所产生压力的耐受性的工程作物模型。