Emergency exits as bottlenecks in escape routes are important for designing traffic facilities. Especially the fundamental diagram is a crucial performance criterion for assessment of pedestrians' safety in facilities and an important basis for calculation methods. For this reason, several studies were performed during the last decades which focus on the quantification of movement through bottlenecks. These studies were usually conducted with populations of homogeneous characteristics to reduce influencing variables and for reasons of practicability. Studies which consider heterogeneous characteristics in performance parameters are rarely available. In response and to reduce this lack of data a series of well-controlled large-scale movement studies considering pedestrians with different disabilities was carried out.

中文翻译：

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个体障碍对人群动态的影响

紧急出口作为逃生路线的瓶颈对于交通设施的设计很重要。尤其是基础图是评价设施内行人安全的关键性能指标，也是计算方法的重要依据。出于这个原因，在过去的几十年中进行了几项研究，重点是通过瓶颈对运动进行量化。这些研究通常在具有同质特征的人群中进行，以减少影响变量并出于实用性的原因。在性能参数中考虑异质特征的研究很少可用。为了应对和减少数据的缺乏，进行了一系列控制良好的大规模运动研究，考虑到不同残疾的行人。