Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones that are of pivotal importance in human physiology. Glucocorticoid signaling is complex in nature and dependent on many interacting factors. As glucocorticoids exhibit sexually dimorphic effects on several key processes including in metabolism, crosstalk with the sex steroid hormones (androgens and estrogens) is relevant. In this review, we highlight the state-of-the-art knowledge on glucocorticoid sexual dimorphism and sex hormone crosstalk. We include current insight in the molecular mechanisms that underlie nuclear steroid receptor crosstalk, and sex hormone effects on glucocorticoid metabolism. Finally, we show how these findings translate to humans exposed to excess glucocorticoid signaling, and we propose future avenues in the emerging field of steroid hormone crosstalk.

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代谢中的糖皮质激素性二态性：剖析性激素的作用

糖皮质激素是类固醇激素，在人体生理学中具有关键作用。糖皮质激素信号在本质上是复杂的，并且依赖于许多相互作用的因素。由于糖皮质激素对包括新陈代谢在内的几个关键过程表现出性别二态性影响，因此与性类固醇激素（雄激素和雌激素）的串扰是相关的。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了关于糖皮质激素性别二态性和性激素串扰的最新知识。我们包括目前对核类固醇受体串扰的分子机制的了解，以及性激素对糖皮质激素代谢的影响。最后，我们展示了这些发现如何转化为暴露于过量糖皮质激素信号的人类，并且我们提出了类固醇激素串扰新兴领域的未来途径。