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Brain activity underlying American crow processing of encounters with dead conspecifics.
Behavioural Brain Research ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-06 , DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112546
Kaeli N Swift 1 , John M Marzluff 1 , Christopher N Templeton 2 , Toru Shimizu 3 , Donna J Cross 4
Affiliation  

Animals utilize a variety of auditory and visual cues to navigate the landscape of fear. For some species, including corvids, dead conspecifics appear to act as one such visual cue of danger, and prompt alarm calling by attending conspecifics. Which brain regions mediate responses to dead conspecifics, and how this compares to other threats, has so far only been speculative. Using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) we contrast the metabolic response to visual and auditory cues associated with a dead conspecific among five a priori selected regions in the American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) brain: the hippocampus, nidopallium caudolaterale, striatum, amygdala, and the septum. Using a repeated-measures, fully balanced approach, we exposed crows to four stimuli: a dead conspecific, a dead song sparrow (Melospiza melodia), conspecific alarm calls given in response to a dead crow, and conspecific food begging calls. We find that in response to observations of a dead crow, crows show significant activity in areas associated with higher-order decision-making (NCL), but not in areas associated with social behaviors or fear learning. We do not find strong differences in activation between hearing alarm calls and food begging calls; both activate the NCL. Lastly, repeated exposures to negative stimuli had a marginal effect on later increasing the subjects' brain activity in response to control stimuli, suggesting that crows might quickly learn from negative experiences.

中文翻译:

美国乌鸦处理与死去的同类相遇的大脑活动。

动物利用各种听觉和视觉线索来驾驭恐惧的景观。对于某些物种,包括鸦科动物,死亡的同种动物似乎是一种危险的视觉提示,并通过关注同种动物来提示警报。哪些大脑区域调节对死亡同种动物的反应,以及与其他威胁相比如何,到目前为止还只是推测性的。使用 18F-氟脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射断层扫描 (FDG-PET),我们对比了美国乌鸦 (Corvus brachyrhynchos) 大脑中五个先验选定区域中与死亡同种相关的视觉和听觉线索的代谢反应:海马体、尾侧 nidopallium 、纹状体、杏仁核和隔膜。使用重复测量、完全平衡的方法,我们将乌鸦暴露在四种刺激中:死同种、死歌麻雀 (Melospiza melodia)、为响应死乌鸦而发出的特定警报呼叫,以及特定的食物乞求呼叫。我们发现,在观察到一只死乌鸦时,乌鸦在与高阶决策 (NCL) 相关的区域表现出显着的活动,但在与社会行为或恐惧学习相关的区域却没有。我们没有发现听到警报呼叫和食物乞讨呼叫之间的激活差异很大;两者都激活了 NCL。最后,反复暴露于负面刺激对后来增加受试者响应控制刺激的大脑活动有边际效应,这表明乌鸦可能会很快从负面经历中学习。乌鸦在与高阶决策(NCL)相关的领域表现出显着的活动,但在与社会行为或恐惧学习相关的领域却没有。我们没有发现听到警报呼叫和食物乞讨呼叫之间的激活差异很大;两者都激活了 NCL。最后,反复暴露于负面刺激对后来增加受试者响应控制刺激的大脑活动有边际效应,这表明乌鸦可能会很快从负面经历中学习。乌鸦在与高阶决策(NCL)相关的领域表现出显着的活动,但在与社会行为或恐惧学习相关的领域却没有。我们没有发现听到警报呼叫和食物乞讨呼叫之间的激活差异很大;两者都激活了 NCL。最后,反复暴露于负面刺激对后来增加受试者响应控制刺激的大脑活动有边际效应,这表明乌鸦可能会很快从负面经历中学习。
更新日期:2020-02-07
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