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Conservation tillage and residue management improves soil properties under a upland rice–rapeseed system in the subtropical eastern Himalayas
Land Degradation & Development ( IF 4.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-02 , DOI: 10.1002/ldr.3568
Anup Das 1, 2 , Jayanta Layek 1, 3 , Ramkrushna Gandhiji Idapuganti 1, 4 , Savita Basavaraj 1, 5 , Rattan Lal 3 , Krishnappa Rangappa 1 , Gulab Singh Yadav 2 , Subhash Babu 1 , Shishomvanao Ngachan 1
Affiliation  

Poor soil properties and low soil moisture content (SMC) are major limitations for cultivating a second crop after the rainy season rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the uplands of the Eastern Himalayas. Information on impact of conservation tillage and residue management (RM) to alleviate soil constraints is limited in the region. Thus, a field study was conducted in a rice–rapeseed (Brassica campestris Var. Toria) system under rainfed conditions with two tillage systems (CsT—conservation and CT—conventional) and five RM practices (100% NPK fertilizer, 50% NPK; 50% NPK + in‐situ rice residue retention [ISRR, 5 Mg ha−1], 50% NPK + weed biomass [WB, 10 Mg ha−1] fresh weight basis (FW)]; 50% NPK + green manuring [GM, 10 Mg ha−1 FW]), and their impact on soil quality parameters were assessed after 3 years. Significantly lower bulk density and penetration resistance (0–15 cm) and higher water infiltration rate were recorded under CsT than CT. The soil water holding capacity (WHC) and SMC in rapeseed were significantly higher under CsT than those under CT at 0–15 cm and 15–30 cm depths. The WHC and SMC were the maximum under 50% NPK + GM/WB and the minimum under sole application of 50% NPK. After 3 years, there were 5.7% higher available nitrogen (N), 7.3% phosphorus (P), and 3% potassium (K) (kg ha−1) in 0–15 cm depth under CsT than those under CT, respectively. Similarly, SOC stock (0–30 cm), soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), and dehydrogenase activity (DHA) under CsT were significantly higher than CT. Application of 50% NPK + WB/GM/ISRR registered significantly higher available NPK, SMBC, and DHA in soil than those under 50% and 100% NPK. Thus, CsT along with 50% NPK + WB/GM/ISRR are recommended for improving soil properties under the rice–rapeseed system of the region.

中文翻译:

在亚热带东部喜马拉雅山,旱作水稻-油菜系统下的保护性耕作和残茬管理改善了土壤特性

在喜马拉雅山东部的高地地区,土壤特性差和土壤水分含量低(SMC)是在雨季水稻(Oryza sativa L.)之后种植第二种作物的主要限制。该地区关于保护性耕作和残留物管理(RM)减轻土壤限制的影响的信息有限。因此,在雨水条件下的水稻-油菜(甘蓝型变种Toria)系统上进行了田间研究,采用两种耕作系统(CsT-保藏和CT-常规)和五种RM做法(100%NPK肥料,50%NPK; 50%NPK +原地水稻残留量[ISRR,5 Mg ha -1 ],50%NPK +杂草生物量[WB,10 Mg ha -1 ]鲜重基准(FW)]; 50%NPK +绿色肥料[ GM,10 Mg ha -1FW]),并在3年​​后评估它们对土壤质量参数的影响。与CT相比,CsT记录的堆密度和抗穿透性(0–15 cm)显着降低,水渗透率更高。在0-15 cm和15-30 cm的深度下,CsT处理的油菜的土壤持水能力(WHC)和SMC显着高于CT处理下的油菜。WHC和SMC在50%NPK + GM / WB下最大,而在单独施用50%NPK时最小。3年后,有效氮(N),磷(P)和钾(K)分别提高了5.7%,7.3%(kg ha -1)在CsT下比CT下分别深0–15 cm。同样,CsT条件下的SOC储量(0–30 cm),土壤微生物生物量碳(SMBC)和脱氢酶活性(DHA)也显着高于CT。施用50%NPK + WB / GM / ISRR在土壤中的有效NPK,SMBC和DHA显着高于50%和100%NPK的土壤。因此,推荐使用CsT和50%的NPK + WB / GM / ISRR来改善该地区水稻-油菜系统下的土壤特性。
更新日期:2020-03-02
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