Palliative care began in academic centers with specialty consultation services, and its value to patients, families, and health systems has been evident. The demand for palliative care to be integrated throughout the cancer trajectory, combined with a limited palliative care workforce, means that new models of care are needed. This review discusses evidence regarding the need for integration of palliative care into routine oncology care and describes best practices recognized for dissemination of palliative care. The available evidence suggests that palliative care be widely adopted by clinicians in all oncology settings to benefit patients with cancer and their families. Efforts are needed to adapt and integrate palliative care into community practice. Limitations of these models are discussed, as are future directions to continue implementation efforts. The benefits of palliative care can only be realized through effective dissemination of these principles of care, with more primary palliative care delivered by oncology clinicians.

中文翻译：

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肿瘤学姑息治疗的传播和实施

姑息治疗始于提供专业咨询服务的学术中心，其对患者、家庭和卫生系统的价值是显而易见的。将姑息治疗纳入整个癌症轨迹的需求，加上姑息治疗劳动力有限，意味着需要新的护理模式。本综述讨论了有关将姑息治疗纳入常规肿瘤治疗的必要性的证据，并描述了传播姑息治疗的最佳实践。现有证据表明，所有肿瘤学领域的临床医生都广泛采用姑息治疗，以使癌症患者及其家人受益。需要努力将姑息治疗纳入社区实践。讨论了这些模型的局限性，以及继续实施工作的未来方向。只有通过有效传播这些护理原则，并由肿瘤临床医生提供更多初级姑息治疗，才能实现姑息治疗的好处。