Good symptom management in oncology is associated with improved patient and family quality of life, greater treatment compliance, and may even offer survival advantages. With population growth and aging, the proportion of patients with multiple symptoms—both related and unrelated to their cancer—is anticipated to increase, supporting calls for a more routine and integrated approach to symptom management. This article presents a summary of the literature for the use of symptom assessment tools and reviews the management of four common and distressing symptoms commonly experienced by people with advanced cancer: pain, breathlessness, nausea and vomiting, and fatigue. We also discuss the role of palliative care in supporting a holistic approach to symptom management throughout the cancer trajectory.

中文翻译：

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晚期癌症的姑息治疗和常见痛苦症状的管理：疼痛、呼吸困难、恶心和呕吐以及疲劳

肿瘤学中良好的症状管理与改善患者和家庭的生活质量、更高的治疗依从性有关，甚至可能提供生存优势。随着人口增长和老龄化，预计患有多种症状（与癌症相关和无关）的患者比例会增加，这支持了对症状管理采取更常规和综合方法的呼吁。本文总结了使用症状评估工具的文献，并回顾了晚期癌症患者常见的四种常见和令人痛苦的症状的管理：疼痛、呼吸困难、恶心和呕吐以及疲劳。我们还讨论了姑息治疗在支持整个癌症轨迹中症状管理的整体方法方面的作用。