Mitochondrial oxidative damage and dysfunction contribute to a wide range of human diseases. Considering the limitation of conventional antioxidants and that mitochondria are the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which induce oxidative damage, mitochondria-targeted antioxidants which can selectively block mitochondrial oxidative damage and prevent various types of cell death have been widely developed. As a lipophilic cation, triphenylphosphonium (TPP) has been commonly used in designing mitochondria-targeted antioxidants. Conjugated with the TPP moiety, antioxidants can achieve more than 1000-fold higher mitochondrial concentration depending on cell membrane potentials and mitochondrial membrane potentials. Herein we discuss the deficiencies of conventional antioxidants and the advantages of mitochondrial targeting, and review various types of TPP-based mitochondria-targeted antioxidants. These provide theoretical and background support for the design of new anti-oxidant.

中文翻译：

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基于三苯基phosph（TPP）的抗氧化剂：抗氧化剂设计的新观点。

线粒体的氧化损伤和功能障碍导致多种人类疾病。考虑到常规抗氧化剂的局限性以及线粒体是引起氧化损伤的活性氧（ROS）的主要来源，针对线粒体的抗氧化剂可以选择性地阻断线粒体的氧化损伤并防止各种类型的细胞死亡，因此得到了广泛的开发。作为亲脂性阳离子，三苯基phosph（TPP）通常用于设计针对线粒体的抗氧化剂。与TPP部分结合后，抗氧化剂可根据细胞膜电位和线粒体膜电位，使线粒体浓度提高1000倍以上。在这里，我们讨论了常规抗氧化剂的不足以及线粒体靶向的优势，并综述了各种基于TPP的线粒体靶向抗氧化剂。这些为新型抗氧化剂的设计提供了理论和背景支持。