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Tissue Transglutaminase contributes to myelin phagocytosis in interleukin-4-treated human monocyte-derived macrophages
Cytokine ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155024
Claudia Sestito 1 , John J P Brevé 1 , John G J M Bol 1 , Micha M M Wilhelmus 1 , Benjamin Drukarch 1 , Anne-Marie van Dam 1
Affiliation  

Macrophages exert either a detrimental or beneficial role in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) pathology, depending on their inflammatory environment. Tissue Transglutaminase (TG2), a calcium-dependent cross-linking enzyme, has been described as a novel marker for anti-inflammatory, interleukin-4 (IL-4) polarized macrophages (M(IL-4)), which represent a subpopulation of macrophages with phagocytic abilities. Since TG2 is expressed in macrophages in active human MS lesions, we questioned whether TG2 drives the differentiation of M(IL-4) into an anti-inflammatory phenotype and whether it plays a role in the phagocytosis of myelin by these cells. In macrophage-differentiated THP-1 monocytes, TG2 was increased upon IL-4 treatment. Reducing TG2 expression impairs the differentiation of M(IL-4) macrophages into an anti-inflammatory phenotype and drives them into a pro-inflammatory state. In addition, reduced TG2 expression resulted in increased presence of myelin basic protein in macrophages upon myelin exposure of M(IL-4) macrophages. Moreover, the elevated presence of an early endosome marker and equal expression of a lysosome marker compared to control macrophages, suggest that TG2 plays a role in phagosome maturation in M(IL-4) macrophages These data suggest that tuning macrophages into TG2 producing anti-inflammatory cells by IL-4 treatment may benefit effective myelin phagocytosis in e.g. demyelinating MS lesions and open avenues for successful regeneration.

中文翻译:

组织转谷氨酰胺酶有助于白细胞介素 4 处理的人单核细胞衍生的巨噬细胞中的髓鞘吞噬作用

巨噬细胞在多发性硬化 (MS) 病理学中发挥有害或有益的作用,这取决于它们的炎症环境。组织转谷氨酰胺酶 (TG2) 是一种钙依赖性交联酶,已被描述为抗炎、白细胞介素 4 (IL-4) 极化巨噬细胞 (M(IL-4)) 的新标志物,它代表一个亚群具有吞噬能力的巨噬细胞。由于 TG2 在活跃的人类 MS 病变的巨噬细胞中表达,我们质疑 TG2 是否驱动 M(IL-4) 分化为抗炎表型,以及它是否在这些细胞对髓鞘的吞噬作用中发挥作用。在巨噬细胞分化的 THP-1 单核细胞中,IL-4 处理后 TG2 增加。降低 TG2 表达会损害 M(IL-4) 巨噬细胞向抗炎表型的分化,并促使它们进入促炎状态。此外,在 M(IL-4) 巨噬细胞的髓鞘暴露后,TG2 表达的降低导致巨噬细胞中髓鞘碱性蛋白的存在增加。此外,与对照巨噬细胞相比,早期内体标志物的存在升高和溶酶体标志物的相同表达表明 TG2 在 M(IL-4) 巨噬细胞的吞噬体成熟中起作用。这些数据表明将巨噬细胞调整为 TG2,产生抗通过 IL-4 处理炎症细胞可能有益于有效的髓鞘吞噬作用,例如脱髓鞘 MS 病变并开辟成功再生的途径。在 M(IL-4) 巨噬细胞的髓鞘暴露后,TG2 表达的降低导致巨噬细胞中髓鞘碱性蛋白的存在增加。此外,与对照巨噬细胞相比,早期内体标志物的存在升高和溶酶体标志物的相同表达表明 TG2 在 M(IL-4) 巨噬细胞的吞噬体成熟中起作用。这些数据表明将巨噬细胞调整为 TG2,产生抗通过 IL-4 处理炎症细胞可能有益于有效的髓鞘吞噬作用,例如脱髓鞘 MS 病变并开辟成功再生的途径。在 M(IL-4) 巨噬细胞的髓鞘暴露后,TG2 表达的降低导致巨噬细胞中髓鞘碱性蛋白的存在增加。此外,与对照巨噬细胞相比,早期内体标志物的存在升高和溶酶体标志物的相同表达表明 TG2 在 M(IL-4) 巨噬细胞的吞噬体成熟中起作用。这些数据表明将巨噬细胞调整为 TG2,产生抗通过 IL-4 处理炎症细胞可能有益于有效的髓鞘吞噬作用,例如脱髓鞘 MS 病变并开辟成功再生的途径。
更新日期:2020-04-01
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