Abstract—This paper reviews the use of molecular genetic methods (DNA barcoding and DNA fingerprinting) for the authentication of plant raw materials and herbal medicinal products. ITS2 is shown to be the most effective DNA barcode for plants. This marker allows researchers to identify even highly degraded DNA, which is especially important in the case of herbal preparations and biologically active additives. The main problem of traditional DNA barcoding via Sanger sequencing is that it is impossible to read a barcode without preliminary cloning of an amplificate when a plant mix includes a large amount of various adulterants and excipients of plant origin, since species-specific chromatograms are superimposed on each other. Thus, NGS sequencing of ITS2 amplicons is a preferable method for the DNA barcoding of plant materials. This method can be used to analyze highly degraded DNA in multicomponent plant mixes and can be used to identify all their ingredients. The review also covers such DNA fingerprinting techniques as RFLP, RFLP-PCR, RAPD, RAPD-SCAR, AFLP-PCR, and ISSR.

中文翻译：

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DNA条形码和DNA指纹技术在植物原料和植物来源药物质量分析中的现状与前景

摘要—本文回顾了分子遗传学方法（DNA条形码和DNA指纹图谱）在植物原料和草药产品鉴定中的应用。ITS2被证明是植物最有效的DNA条码。该标记使研究人员甚至可以鉴定高度降解的DNA，这对于草药和生物活性添加剂而言尤其重要。传统的通过Sanger测序进行DNA条形码编码的主要问题是，当植物混合物中包含大量植物来源的各种掺假物和赋形剂时，如果不对克隆进行初步克隆就无法读取条形码，因为特定物种的色谱图叠加在彼此。因此，ITS2扩增子的NGS测序是对植物材料进行DNA条形码编码的首选方法。该方法可用于分析多组分植物混合物中高度降解的DNA，并可用于鉴定其所有成分。审查还涵盖了DNA指纹技术，例如RFLP，RFLP-PCR，RAPD，RAPD-SCAR，AFLP-PCR和ISSR。