The present article continues the series reviewing the thermochemistry of complex multicomponent pyrometallurgical systems. The recovery of multiple metals through the Pb-based primary and recycling processes is an economic driving force for the circular economy of the future. In this study, equilibrium distributions of Ag, Au, Bi, and Zn between PbO–FeO–Fe₂O₃–SiO₂ silica saturated slag and Pb metal phases were investigated experimentally, using high-temperature equilibration followed by rapid quenching. The measurement of phase compositions was done using microanalytical methods. Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis (EPMA) was applied for those elements which present at relatively high concentrations. The Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was used to measure very low concentrations of Ag and Au in slag. The starting mixtures of materials were planned using FactSage software and preliminary thermodynamic database to target specific proportions of phases and concentrations of Pb in slag after the achievement of equilibrium. Measured slag/metal distribution coefficients follow the sequence Zn ≫ Ag > Bi ≫ Au. Newly obtained results were critically assessed and used to improve the thermodynamic database. Integration between experiments and thermodynamic database development permits cross-analysis of distribution coefficients obtained in the present study with the parallel measurements of distribution in copper-based systems. The liquid slag phase was described using a two-sublattice Modified Quasichemical Model (MQM). Single sublattice MQM was applied for the liquid metal phase.

中文翻译：

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Ag，Au，Bi和Zn在Pb金属与Pb–Fe–O–Si炉渣之间分布的实验研究和热力学计算

本文继续该系列，回顾了复杂的多组分火法冶金系统的热化学。通过基于Pb的一次和循环过程回收多种金属是未来循环经济的经济动力。在这项研究中，Ag，Au，Bi和Zn在PbO–FeO–Fe ₂ O ₃ –SiO ₂之间的平衡分布使用高温平衡，然后快速淬火，对二氧化硅饱和炉渣和Pb金属相进行了实验研究。相组成的测量是使用微量分析方法进行的。电子探针X射线微分析（EPMA）用于那些浓度较高的元素。激光烧蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱法（LA-ICP-MS）用于测量炉渣中极低浓度的Ag和Au。使用FactSage软件和初步的热力学数据库来计划原料的初始混合物，以达到平衡后目标特定比例的炉渣和铅中铅的浓度。测得的炉渣/金属分布系数遵循以下顺序：Zn≫ Ag> Bi≫ Au。严格评估新获得的结果，并将其用于改进热力学数据库。实验与热力学数据库开发之间的集成允许对本研究中获得的分布系数与铜基系统中分布的并行测量结果进行交叉分析。使用两格修正的准化学模型（MQM）描述了液态渣相。将单个子晶格MQM应用于液态金属相。