Demand response (DR) is referred to programs designed to manage and control electric loads. DR represents one of the vital tools utilized in power distribution networks to improve network efficiency. Effective implementation of DR programs delivers operational benefits such as reduced peak demands and relieved overloads, which are essential in a power system with growing penetration of fundamentally intermittent renewable energy sources. This paper presents a visualization tool for optimising DR programs for domestic hot water systems in distribution power networks. The tool accurately models and predicts potential peak demand reductions through direct load control of domestic hot water systems. It employs a multi-layer thermally stratified hot water cylinder model and Monte Carlo simulations to generate hot water load profiles of domestic customers. To meet peak reduction targets set by the tool user, switching programs found via iterative optimizations are applied to hot water systems. The structure and individual components of the tool are described, and case studies are presented. Impacts of different switching programs on customer’s comfort are evaluated and discussed. The visualization tool is designed to recommend optimum DR switching programs for domestic water heating systems. The tool can assess the performance of a DR switching program by estimating potential peak load reductions and customer comfort characterized by the probability of cold showers. A power system operator can use this tool to determine the available domestic water heating load in a controlled area, and predict the potential reduction in peak load.

中文翻译：

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电力系统需求响应可视化工具

需求响应（DR）是指旨在管理和控制电力负荷的程序。DR代表了配电网络中用来提高网络效率的重要工具之一。有效实施灾难恢复计划可带来诸如降低峰值需求和减轻过载等运营优势，这在电力系统中从根本上间歇性的可再生能源的渗透不断增长中至关重要。本文提出了一种可视化工具，用于优化配电网中生活热水系统的DR程序。该工具可通过直接控制生活热水系统准确地建模并预测潜在的峰值需求减少量。它采用多层热分层热水缸模型和蒙特卡洛模拟来生成国内客户的热水负荷曲线。为了满足工具用户设置的峰值减少目标，将通过迭代优化找到的切换程序应用于热水系统。描述了该工具的结构和各个组成部分，并提供了案例研究。评估并讨论了不同切换程序对客户舒适度的影响。可视化工具旨在为家用热水系统推荐最佳的DR切换程序。该工具可以通过估计潜在的峰值负载减少和以冷水冲刷为特征的客户舒适度来评估DR切换程序的性能。