We studied the pheromone chemistry of the cerambycids Anaglyptus mysticus and Xylotrechus antilope ssp. antilope with the goal of identifying attractants that could be used as tools for pheromone-based monitoring of these two species, which are rare and red-listed in parts of northern Europe. Beetles were reared from naturally colonized branches of hazel (Corylus avellana) or oak (Quercus robur), respectively, and used for headspace sampling. The extracts of volatiles were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Males of A. mysticus consistently produced large quantities of (R)-3-hydroxy-2-hexanone and 2-nonanone, minor amounts of 2,3-hexanedione, and trace amounts of six other compounds. The average proportion of 2-nonanone to (R)-3-hydroxy-2-hexanone was 70:100. Males of X. antilope produced large quantities of (S)-2-hydroxy-3-octanone, and minor quantities of 2,3-octanedione. None of these compounds were present in the corresponding extracts of females from either species. The attractiveness of the dominant compounds produced by each species was determined in field bioassays. Lures with racemic 3-hydroxy-2-hexanone and 2-nonanone as single compounds were not attractive to A. mysticus. However, the compounds acted synergistically in blends of 100:100 and 160:100 of 2-nonanone to the hydroxyketone’s (R)-enantiomer, but not in a 40:100 blend. Similarly (S)-2-hydroxy-3-octanone and its racemate attracted significantly more X. antilope than controls. Males and females of both species were captured in approximately equal numbers. The aggregation-sex pheromones of A. mysticus and X.antilope have high potential to serve as sensitive and efficient tools for detection and monitoring of local populations, and in studies of the species’ ecology and conservation requirements.

中文翻译：

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cerambycid甲虫Anaglyptus mysticus和Xylotrechus antilope ssp的聚集性信息素。羚羊：通过基于信息素的监测来保护昆虫的新模式物种

我们研究了cerambycids Anaglyptus mysticus和Xylotrechus antilope ssp的信息素化学。羚羊的目的是确定可以用作基于信息素监测这两个物种的引诱剂的方法，这在北欧的部分地区很少见并列入红色名录。分别从榛树（Corylus avellana）或橡树（Quercus robur）的自然定居分支中培育甲虫，并用于顶空采样。挥发物的提取物用气相色谱-质谱分析。A. mysticus的雄性始终产生大量的（R）-3-羟基-2-己酮和2-壬酮，少量的2,3-己二酮和痕量的六种其他化合物。2-壬酮与（R）-3-羟基-2-己酮的平均比例为70：100。X. antilope的雄性产生大量的（S）-2-羟基-3-辛酮和少量的2,3-辛二酮。这些化合物均不存在于来自任一物种的雌性相应提取物中。在田间生物测定中确定了每种物种产生的主要化合物的吸引力。外消旋的3-羟基-2-己酮和2-壬酮为单一化合物的诱剂对A. mysticus没有吸引力。但是，这些化合物在100：100和160：100的2-壬酮与羟基酮的混合物中具有协同作用（R）-对映异构体，但不是40：100的混合物。类似地，（S）-2-羟基-3-辛酮及其外消旋物比对照吸引明显更多的X.羚羊。两种物种的雄性和雌性被捕获的数量大致相等。A. mysticus和X. antilope的聚集性信息素具有很高的潜力，可以用作检测和监测本地种群以及研究物种生态和保护要求的灵敏有效的工具。