Flubendiamide is a highly toxic and persistent insecticide that causes loss of insect muscle functions leading to paralysis and death. The objective was to screen for filamentous fungi in soils where insecticides had been applied, to isolate entomopathogenic fungi from insect larva (Anticarsia gemmatalis) that infest soybean crops, and to use these in biodegradation of insecticides. Filamentous fungi were isolated from soils, and growth inhibition was evaluated on solid medium containing commercial insecticides, Belt® (flubendiamide) and Actara® (thiamethoxam). A total of 133 fungi were isolated from soil and 80 entomopathogenic fungi from insect larva. Based on growth inhibition tests, ten soil fungi, 2 entomopathogenic fungi, and Botryosphaeria rhodina MAMB-05 (reference standard) were selected for growth on commercial insecticides in solid media. Fungi were grown in submerged fermentation on media containing commercial insecticides and assayed for laccase activity. Isolates JUSOLCL039 (soil), JUANT070 (insect), and MAMB-05 performed best, and were respectively inhibited by 48.41%, 75.97%, and 79.23% when cultivated on 35 g/L Actara®, and 0.0, 5.42%, and 43.39% on 39.04 g/L Belt®. JUSOLCL039 and JUANT070 were molecularly identified as Trichoderma koningiopsis and Neurospora sp., respectively. The three fungal isolates produced laccase constitutively, albeit at low activities. Fungal growth on pure flubendiamide and thiamethoxam resulted in only thiamethoxam inducing high laccase titers (10.16 U/mL) by JUANT070. Neurospora sp. and B. rhodina degraded flubendiamide by 27.4% and 9.5% in vivo, while a crude laccase from B. rhodina degraded flubendiamide by 20.2% in vitro. This is the first report of fungi capable of degrading flubendiamide, which have applications in bioremediation.

中文翻译：

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具有杀虫剂生物降解潜力的土壤和昆虫病原真菌：真菌对氟苯二酰胺的体内降解以及漆酶在体外的降解

氟苯二酰胺是一种剧毒且持久的杀虫剂，可导致昆虫肌肉功能丧失，导致瘫痪和死亡。目的是在施用杀虫剂的土壤中筛选丝状真菌，从侵染大豆作物的昆虫幼虫（Anticarsia gemmatalis）中分离出昆虫病原性真菌，并将其用于杀虫剂的生物降解。从土壤中分离出丝状真菌，并在含有商业杀虫剂Belt（氟苯二酰胺）和Actara（噻虫嗪）的固体培养基上评估生长抑制作用。从土壤中分离出总共133种真菌，从昆虫幼虫中分离出80种致病性真菌。根据生长抑制测试，十种土壤真菌，两种致病真菌，选择了Rhodina和Botryosphaeria rhodina MAMB-05（参考标准）在固体介质中的商业杀虫剂上生长。使真菌在含有市售杀虫剂的培养基中进行深层发酵，然后测定漆酶活性。菌株JUSOLCL039（土壤），JUANT070（昆虫）和MAMB-05表现最好，分别在35 g / LActara®和0.0、5.42％和43.39上培养时分别抑制48.41％，75.97％和79.23％。 39.04 g / LBelt®上的％。JUSOLCL039和JUANT070在分子上分别被鉴定为木霉菌（Trichoderma koningiopsis）和Neurospora sp.。这三种真菌分离物组成型产生漆酶，尽管活性较低。在纯氟苯二酰胺和噻虫嗪上的真菌生长仅导致噻虫嗪通过JUANT070诱导高漆酶滴度（10.16 U / mL）。Neurospora sp。和B。红景天在体内可将氟苯二酰胺降解27.4％和9.5％，而粗芽孢杆菌的粗漆酶在体外可将氟苯二酰胺降解20.2％。这是能够降解氟苯二酰胺的真菌的首次报道，其已在生物修复中得到应用。