This paper explores the heat transfer characteristics and fluid flow of ferrofluid in a channel having non-symmetric cavities under the applied magnetic field. Bottom surface of the cavity is uniformly heated, whereas ceiling of the top cavity is cooled isothermally. The dimensionless governing equations for various physical parameters are computed via a higher-order and stable Galerkin-based finite element technique. Effective governing parameters are nanoparticle volume fraction; \((0 \le \phi \le 0.15\)), aspect ratio of the cavities; (\(0.2\le h/H \le 1.0\) ), Richardson number; (\(0.01\le \mathrm{Ri} \le 10\)), Hartmann number; (\(0 \le \mathrm{Ha} \le 100\) ); and Reynolds number; (\(1\le \mathrm{Re} \le 200\)). It is found that the most important parameter is the geometry such that there is an optimal value to maximize the heat transfer. Moreover, it is also noticed that the heat transfer is reduced with strong magnetic field, namely Hartmann number.

中文翻译：

---

具有非对称腔的通道中铁磁流体的磁流体动力学流动和传热

本文探讨了在磁场作用下铁磁流体在具有非对称腔的通道中的传热特性和流体流动。腔的底面被均匀加热，而顶腔的顶面被等温冷却。通过高阶且基于Galerkin的稳定有限元技术，可以计算出各种物理参数的无量纲控制方程。有效的控制参数是纳米颗粒的体积分数；\（（（0 \ le \ phi \ le 0.15 \）），腔的长宽比; （\（0.2 \ le h / H \ le 1.0 \）），理查森数；（\（0.01 \ le \ mathrm {Ri} \ le 10 \）），哈特曼数；（\（0 \ le \ mathrm {Ha} \ le 100 \））; 雷诺数；（\（1 \ le \ mathrm {Re} \ le 200 \））。已经发现，最重要的参数是几何形状，使得存在使热传递最大化的最佳值。此外，还注意到，随着强磁场，即哈特曼数，传热减少。