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Patterns of Genetic Diversity in Rare and Common Orchids Focusing on the Korean Peninsula: Implications for Conservation
The Botanical Review ( IF 4 ) Pub Date : 2017-10-31 , DOI: 10.1007/s12229-017-9190-5
Mi Yoon Chung , Jordi López-Pujol , Sungwon Son , Gang Uk Suh , Tomohisa Yukawa , Myong Gi Chung

To provide basic information for orchid conservation, we surveyed the plant allozyme literature to summarize genetic diversity and structure data for (i) rare orchids native to the Korean Peninsula, and (ii) their congeners irrespective of being common and rare or Korean or not. A total of 68 taxa (32 taxa in Korea and 37 outside Korea; Goodyera repens being included in both datasets) were considered in this study. Overall, rare Korean orchid species had significantly lower levels of genetic diversity than their common congeners and common orchids in general at both population and species levels. However, mean values of GST (or FST) for rare and common orchids (Korean or not) did not differ significantly from each other. We found patterns of both low and high genetic diversity in rare Korean orchids. Many rare orchids harbored a complete lack of allozyme variation or extremely low within-population variation, perhaps due to rarity associated with random genetic drift and/or, for the case of warm-temperate orchids, to founder effects during post-glacial re-colonization. In contrast, high levels of genetic variation were found for a few orchids that have become recently rare (due to over-collection during the past several decades), probably because there have not been sufficient generations for the initial diversity to be substantially eroded. In addition, several orchids occurring in the main mountain system of the Korean Peninsula (the Baekdudaegan), that served as a glacial refugium, maintained moderate to high levels of within-population genetic diversity. Based on our genetic data, conservation priority should be given to rare orchid species. Particularly, urgent measures should be implemented on Jeju Island, a popular vacation spot, because it also a hotspot for threatened orchids with low levels of genetic diversity.

中文翻译:

以朝鲜半岛为中心的稀有和普通兰花的遗传多样性模式:对保护的影响

为了提供兰花保护的基本信息,我们调查了植物等位酶文献,总结了 (i) 原产于朝鲜半岛的稀有兰花,以及 (ii) 它们的同类,无论是否常见、稀有或韩国。本研究共考虑了 68 个分类群(韩国 32 个分类群,韩国以外的 37 个;Goodyera repens 包括在两个数据集中)。总体而言,在种群和物种水平上,韩国稀有兰花物种的遗传多样性水平明显低于其常见的同类和普通兰花。然而,稀有和普通兰花(韩国与否)的 GST(或 FST)平均值彼此之间没有显着差异。我们在稀有的韩国兰花中发现了低遗传多样性和高遗传多样性的模式。许多稀有兰花完全没有等位酶变异或种群内变异极低,这可能是由于与随机遗传漂移相关的稀有性和/或在暖温带兰花的情况下,在冰川后重新定植期间的奠基效应. 相比之下,在一些最近变得稀有的兰花中发现了高水平的遗传变异(由于过去几十年的过度收集),这可能是因为没有足够的世代来使初始多样性受到实质性侵蚀。此外,作为冰川避难所的朝鲜半岛主要山系(白头大干)的几种兰花保持了中等至高水平的种群内遗传多样性。根据我们的基因数据,应优先保护稀有兰花物种。特别是在济州岛这个受欢迎的度假胜地应采取紧急措施,因为它也是遗传多样性水平低的受威胁兰花的热点。
更新日期:2017-10-31
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