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Institutional design, informal practices and international conflict: The case of community-based pasture management in the Kyrgyz-Tajik border region
Pastoralism Pub Date : 2019-10-11 , DOI: 10.1186/s13570-019-0145-9
Gulzana Kurmanalieva , Wibke Crewett

In the Kyrgyz Region of Ferghana Valley, violent conflict flares repeatedly between the local Kyrgyz majority population and the Tajik ethnic minority. Drawing on a recent qualitative case study conducted in the borderlands of one of the two Tajik enclaves within the Kyrgyz Batken Region, this article seeks to identify the causes of pasture-related inter-ethnic conflict in the agro-pastoral Kyrgyz–Tajik border region. The paper employs an institutional perspective and explores the impact of the given institutional setup. We note that a lack of institutional arrangements for transboundary pasture use hinders Tajik herders’ legal access to the region’s sole summer pastures. The Kyrgyz “Pasture Committee” has pragmatically designed local rules on transboundary pasture use in the Kyrgyz–Tajik border region, thereby assuring Tajik herders at least semi-official access to the summer pastures. Yet while these rules limit conflict, they fail to limit overstocking. Locally designed rules also open up business opportunities to Tajik herders, which some of the Kyrgyz herders consider unfair and illegal. In order to achieve sustainable and locally accepted regional pasture management, despite the lack of legislative amendments and international agreements, we propose local-level institutional innovations. We also emphasize that pasture use regulation is paramount for maintaining regional stability and peaceful cooperation.

中文翻译:

制度设计,非正式实践和国际冲突:吉尔吉斯斯坦-塔吉克斯坦边境地区基于社区的牧场管理案例

在费尔干纳河谷的吉尔吉斯地区,吉尔吉斯斯坦当地多数人口与塔吉克少数民族之间反复发生暴力冲突。本文基于最近在吉尔吉斯斯坦(Kyrgyz Batken)地区两个塔吉克(Tajik)飞地之一的边界地区进行的定性案例研究,力图查明吉尔吉斯斯坦-塔吉克(Tajik)农牧区与牧场相关的种族间冲突的原因。本文从制度的角度出发,探讨了给定制度设置的影响。我们注意到,缺乏跨界牧场使用的制度安排阻碍了塔吉克牧民合法进入该地区唯一的夏季牧场。吉尔吉斯斯坦“牧场委员会”务实地设计了吉尔吉斯斯坦与塔吉克斯坦边境地区跨境牧场使用的当地法规,从而确保塔吉克牧民至少可以半官方地进入夏季牧场。然而,尽管这些规则限制了冲突,但它们却没有限制库存过多。当地制定的规则也为塔吉克牧民提供了商机,一些吉尔吉斯牧民认为这是不公平和非法的。为了实现可持续的并在当地接受的区域牧场管理,尽管缺乏立法修正案和国际协议,但我们提出了地方一级的制度创新。我们还强调,牧场使用管理对于维护区域稳定与和平合作至关重要。一些吉尔吉斯牧民认为这是不公平和非法的。为了实现可持续的并在当地接受的区域牧场管理,尽管缺乏立法修正案和国际协议,但我们提出了地方一级的制度创新。我们还强调,牧场使用管理对于维护区域稳定与和平合作至关重要。一些吉尔吉斯牧民认为这是不公平和非法的。为了实现可持续的并在当地接受的区域牧场管理,尽管缺乏立法修正案和国际协议,但我们提出了地方一级的制度创新。我们还强调,牧场使用管理对于维护区域稳定与和平合作至关重要。
更新日期:2019-10-11
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