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Microspatial Differences in Soil Temperature Cause Phenology Change on Par with Long-Term Climate Warming in Salt Marshes
Ecosystems ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2019-07-16 , DOI: 10.1007/s10021-019-00418-1
Jessica L. O’Connell , Merryl Alber , Steven C. Pennings

Phenology studies mostly focus on variation across time or landscapes. However, phenology can vary at fine spatial scales, and these differences may be as important as long-term change from climate warming. We used high-frequency “PhenoCam” data to examine phenology of Spartina alterniflora, a foundation species native to salt marshes on the US East and Gulf coasts, and a common colonizer elsewhere. We examined phenology across three microhabitats from 2013 to 2017 and used this information to create the first spring green-up model for S. alterniflora. We then compared modern spatial variation to that exhibited over a 60-year climate record. Marsh interior plants initiated spring growth 17 days earlier than channel edge plants and spent 35 days more in the green-up phenophase and 25 days less in the maturity phenophase. The start of green-up varied by 17 days among 3 years. The best spring green-up model was based on winter soil total growing degree days. Across microhabitats, spring green-up differences were caused by small elevation changes (15 cm) that drove soil temperature variation of 0.8°C. Preliminary evidence indicated that high winter belowground biomass depletion triggered early green-up. Long-term change was similar: winter soil temperatures warmed 1.7 ± 0.3°C since 1958, and green-up advanced 11 ± 6 days, whereas contemporary microhabitat differences were 17 ± 4 days. Incorporating local spatial variation into plant phenology models may provide an early warning of climate vulnerability and improve understanding of ecosystem-scale productivity. Microscale phenology variation likely exists in other systems and has been unappreciated.



中文翻译:

与盐沼的长期气候变暖相比,土壤温度引起物候变化的微观空间差异

物候研究主要集中在时间或地域的变化上。但是,物候学可以在精细的空间尺度上变化,这些差异可能与气候变暖的长期变化一样重要。我们使用高频“ PhenoCam”数据检查了互花米草的物候,这是美国东部和墨西哥湾沿岸盐沼的基础物种,也是其他地方的常见定居者。我们研究了2013年至2017年间三个微生境的物候学,并使用此信息创建了互花米草的第一个春季绿色模型。然后,我们将现代空间变化与60多年来的气候记录相比较。沼泽内陆植物比通道边缘植物早17天开始春季生长,在绿化期中期花了35天,而在成熟期期花了25天。绿化的开始在3年中间隔了17天。最佳春季绿化模型是基于冬季土壤总生长天数的。在整个微生境中,春季的绿化差异是由高度变化(15厘米)引起的,土壤的温度变化为0.8°C。初步证据表明,冬季地下地下生物量的大量消耗引发了早期绿化。长期变化是相似的:自1958年以来,冬季土壤温度升高了1.7±0.3°C,绿化进展了11±6天,而当代的微生境差异为17±4天。将局部空间变化纳入植物物候模型可以为气候脆弱性提供预警,并增进对生态系统规模生产力的了解。微观尺度的物候变化可能存在于其他系统中,并且尚未得到认识。

更新日期:2020-04-23
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