Bioenergy production has become a significant and effective technique to overcome the energy crises. In the current study, the photoelectrochemical cell has been used for the hydrogen evolution from biomass (animal waste). Bismuth vanadate (BiVO₄)/tungsten trioxide (WO₃) nanocomposites were used as photoanodes in the photoelectrochemical cell. BiVO₄ (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0%) nanoparticles were fused on the lattice sites of the WO₃ via hydrothermal method at 180 °C operating temperature. The properties investigated by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) and photoluminescence (PL) revealed the dispersion of BiVO₄ material on the lattice sites of the WO₃ nanoparticles. Phase transformations occurred from monoclinic to hexagonal up to BiVO₄/WO₃ − 1.5 and then orthorhombic for further. Incorporated BiVO₄/WO₃ − 1.5 shows the lowest band gap with 40–50 nm grain size and performs excellent conversion of the organic waste into electricity. The coupling of BiVO₄ with WO₃ caused the red shift for photo absorption up to BiVO₄/WO₃ − 1.5 which resulted in an effective and extraneous efficiency of the sample due to interaction among electron and redox potential established across the electrodes for efficient photocatalytic activity to produce hydrogen gas fuel. This was further confirmed by the BET results with a specific surface area of 83.31 m²/g for the aforementioned sample as the highest value among all the prepared nanocomposites. This work considered as an effective and favorable photocatalyst for the biochemical production of energy applications from biomass and biowastes.

中文翻译：

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分层WO 3 @ BiVO 4纳米结构，可改善绿色能源的产生

生物能源生产已成为克服能源危机的重要而有效的技术。在当前的研究中，光电化学电池已用于从生物质（动物废物）中释放出氢气。钒酸铋（BiVO ₄）/三氧化钨（WO ₃）纳米复合材料用作光电化学电池中的光阳极。在180°C的工作温度下，通过水热法将BiVO ₄（0.5％，1.0％，1.5％和2.0％）纳米粒子融合在WO ₃的晶格位上。通过X射线衍射（XRD），扫描电子显微镜（SEM），紫外可见光（UV-Vis）和光致发光（PL）研究的性能显示BiVO ₄的分散性在WO ₃纳米颗粒的晶格位上的材料。相变从单斜晶发生六方高达BiVO ₄ / WO ₃ - 1.5，然后斜方晶系用于进一步的。Incorporated的BiVO ₄ / WO ₃ - 1.5示出了最低带隙随40-50纳米晶粒尺寸和进行有机废弃物的优良转换成电能。BiVO ₄与WO ₃的耦合导致光吸收的红移达到BiVO ₄ / WO ₃− 1.5，这是由于在整个电极上建立的电子和氧化还原电势之间的相互作用产生了有效而多余的样品效率，从而有效地产生了氢气燃料。BET结果进一步证实了上述结果，上述样品的比表面积为83.31m ² / g，是所有制备的纳米复合材料中的最高值。这项工作被认为是一种有效的和有利的光催化剂，用于从生物质和生物废物中生化生产能源。