Pedestrians are common victims of traffic accidents in China, and pedestrian fatalities account for nearly a quarter of deaths in traffic accidents.¹ While the number of automobiles is increasing rapidly at present. As a result, the incidence of traffic-related pedestrian deaths also increases every year. So, researches on vehicle–pedestrian crash reconstructions and pedestrian injury biomechanics are still hot topics of concern. Head is the most vulnerable part of pedestrians in a collision, and skull-brain injuries and head-neck injuries are important reason for their death. Researchers found that vehicle type, collision speed, pedestrian gait, and walking speed could affect pedestrian head injuries.^2–5 Geometry and material of vehicle front end and pedestrian orientation were also believed to affect pedestrian head injuries as well.^6–8 Thus, pedestrian head injuries are most likely to be concerned in vehicle–pedestrian crashes. Meanwhile, the dynamic response of pedestrian head has an important role in studying reconstructions of vehicle–pedestrian crashes and mechanism of pedestrian head injuries. But it should be noted and emphasized that most of the conclusions took scenarios (pedestrian head in contact with bonnet, A pillar, windshield, and windshield frame) into account together at present.^2–8 Conclusion was drawn that the head injury risk of head–windshield frame impacts and head–A pillar impacts was significantly higher than that of head–windshield impacts and head–bonnet impacts,^9–14 whereas parameter sensitivity on the head dynamic response and injuries of various scenarios above remains unclear. Here, we set out to investigate the scenario with head hitting windshield.

中文翻译：

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基于耦合仿真的行人头部动态响应与伤害参数敏感性分析

行人是我国交通事故的常见受害者，行人死亡人数占交通事故死亡人数的近四分之一。¹目前汽车保有量快速增长。因此，与交通相关的行人死亡发生率也逐年增加。因此，车行碰撞重建和行人损伤生物力学的研究仍然是人们关注的热点。头部是行人在碰撞中最脆弱的部位，颅脑损伤和头颈部损伤是其死亡的重要原因。研究人员发现，车辆类型、碰撞速度、行人步态和行走速度可能会影响行人头部受伤。^2-5车辆前端的几何形状和材料以及行人方向也被认为会影响行人头部受伤。^6-8因此，行人头部受伤最有可能与车辆与行人碰撞有关。同时，行人头部的动态响应对于研究车行碰撞重建和行人头部损伤机制具有重要作用。但需要注意和强调的是，目前大多数结论都同时考虑了场景（行人头部接触发动机盖、A柱、挡风玻璃和挡风玻璃框架）。^2-8结论是，头部-挡风玻璃框架碰撞和头部-A柱碰撞的头部受伤风险显着高于头部-挡风玻璃碰撞和头部-发动机盖碰撞，9-14，而头部动态响应的^参数敏感性上述各种情况的伤害情况仍不清楚。在这里，我们开始调查头部撞击挡风玻璃的场景。