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Habitats shape the cuticular chemical profiles of stingless bees
Chemoecology ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-05-27 , DOI: 10.1007/s00049-019-00282-4
Wiebke Kämper , Benjamin F. Kaluza , Helen Wallace , Thomas Schmitt , Sara D. Leonhardt

Stingless bees are highly social pollinators in tropical ecosystems. Besides floral pollen and nectar, they collect substantial amounts of plant resins, which are used for nest construction/maintenance and defence against antagonists. Moreover, some stingless bees extract chemical compounds from resins and incorporate them in their cuticular chemical profiles, rendering this trait directly dependent on the plant community of the surrounding environment. While previous studies have investigated how variation in the composition and diversity of available resin sources affect resin storages inside hives, subsequent effects on the bees’ cuticular chemistry have not been studied. To fill this gap, we investigated the number, proportion and composition of compounds in the cuticular chemical profile of an Australian stingless bee using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. We analysed whether and (if so) how the cuticular chemistry was affected by habitat (i.e., plantations, forests, and gardens) and tree species richness. We found that overall numbers and proportions of self-produced and resin-derived compounds in the cuticular chemical profiles of Tetragonula carbonaria were similar across habitats, while the composition of all compounds (i.e., both self-produced and resin-derived) and of resin-derived compounds differed between habitats. This indicates that the surrounding tree species community and thus available resin chemistry affected the composition of particularly resin-derived compounds on the bees’ cuticle. As the number and composition of resin-derived cuticular compounds were not affected by tree species richness, stingless bees appear to selectively incorporate specific compounds available in the surrounding environment in their cuticular chemical profiles, which may increase their defensive properties.

中文翻译:

栖息地塑造无刺蜜蜂的表皮化学特征

无刺蜜蜂是热带生态系统中高度社交的传粉者。除花粉和花蜜外,它们还收集了大量的植物树脂,这些树脂用于筑巢/维护和防御拮抗剂。此外,一些无刺蜜蜂从树脂中提取化合物并将其纳入其表皮化学结构中,从而使该性状直接取决于周围环境的植物群落。尽管先前的研究已经调查了可用树脂来源的组成和多样性的变化如何影响蜂巢内的树脂存储,但尚未研究对蜜蜂表皮化学的后续影响。为了填补这一空白,我们调查了这个数字,气相色谱和质谱法分析澳大利亚无刺蜂表皮化学成分中化合物的比例和组成。我们分析了生境(即人工林,森林和花园)和树木物种丰富度是否以及如何影响表皮化学。我们发现自生和树脂衍生的化合物在表皮化学分布中的总数和比例在不同的生境中,四角纲炭疽菌是相似的,而所有化合物(即,自生的和树脂衍生的)以及树脂衍生的化合物的组成在生境之间都不同。这表明周围的树种群落以及因此可用的树脂化学影响了蜜蜂表皮上特别是树脂衍生化合物的组成。由于树脂来源的表皮化合物的数量和组成不受树木物种丰富度的影响,无刺蜂似乎在表皮化学特征方面选择性地结合了周围环境中可获得的特定化合物,这可能会增加其防御性能。
更新日期:2019-05-27
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