Abstract

The relationship between the chemical composition of plants and the active volcanism of Kamchatka is determined by the fact that the dominant chemical elements for the plants, volcanic ashes, and soils are invariably Ca, Mg, Mn, P, Cu, Zn, and Sr. We have found an increased geochemical background for Kamchatka plants relative to the bulk chemical composition of the soils in the peninsula. The concentrations of Br, Hg, Hf, Sb, Ga, W, and K relative to the clarkes in living matter were higher by factors of 3 to 5 in the plants of this region. While the concentrations of chemical elements in plants of different areas are subject to little variation, we found a relatively rich biogeochemical background in the Western Area of Southern Province (the western coast of Kamchatka); in this area the oldest (for Kamchatka) near-surface volcanic ashes have been transformed into accumulative humus horizons. It was found for the area where young volcanic ashes were deposited in the proximity of active volcanoes that the vegetation is relatively rich in chemical elements and the soils are depleted in mobile forms of elements. Farther from the volcanoes, however, in the zone where ashes of remote origin were deposited, one notes a comparative depletion in the plants and an enrichment in the soils in relation to accessible elements.

中文翻译：

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堪察加半岛土壤和植被的火山作用和地球化学。第3部分。火山生态系统中植被的元素组成

摘要

植物化学成分与堪察加半岛活动火山之间的关系取决于植物，火山灰和土壤的主要化学元素始终为Ca，Mg，Mn，P，Cu，Zn和Sr。我们发现，堪察加半岛植物的地球化学背景相对于半岛土壤的大部分化学组成而言有所增加。在该区域的植物中，相对于生物中的克拉克而言，Br，Hg，Hf，Sb，Ga，W和K的浓度高出3到5倍。尽管不同地区植物中化学元素的浓度变化不大，但我们在南部省西部（堪察加半岛的西海岸）发现了相对丰富的生物地球化学背景。在该地区，最古老的（对于堪察加半岛而言）近地表火山灰已转化为腐殖质的累积层。发现在活火山附近沉积了年轻火山灰的地区，植被中化学元素相对丰富，土壤以活动形式的元素枯竭。然而，在远离火山的地方，远处的骨灰沉积的地区，人们注意到植物中相对容易获得的元素相对耗竭，土壤中相对富集。