Group-level behavior has important fitness consequences for group-living fish, which might be affected by the personalities of group members. However, the role of group personality on group behavior has seldom been systematically investigated. To test the effect of the personalities of group members on shoaling behavior and the underlying mechanisms, we investigated the activity and boldness personality traits in qingbo (Spinibarbus sinensis) and grouped qingbo shoals into high personality score, low personality score, and randomly selected control groups and measured the shoal-level behavior traits. Compared with the reactive shoal (low activity and boldness), the proactive (high activity and boldness) shoal showed high activity and increased synchronization of speed, suggesting that the shoal-level behavior was affected by the personalities of the shoal members. Interestingly, the variables in the control shoal were midway between those in the high- and low-activity shoals, suggesting that the average activity score might be the most important factor for group-level behavior (average-determined mechanism). However, when qingbo were divided into high- and low-boldness shoals, the control shoal variables were similar to those of the low-boldness shoals, suggesting that a minority of low-boldness individuals might have a dominant effect on shoal-level behavior (minority-determined mechanism). Cohesion showed a more complicated pattern than the other variables, which might be because the conformity of personalities among shoal members had a profound effect on cohesion. This finding suggests that large interindividual differences in personality play a profound effect on group-level behavior, and different mechanisms might provide the precondition for shoals to exhibit great shoal-level diversity. These findings might have important ecological relevance for the survival of group-living fish in habitats with food resource and predation intensity fluctuations.

中文翻译：

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青波（Spinibarbus sinensis）人格及其对浅滩行为的影响。

群体行为对群体生活的鱼类具有重要的适应性后果，这可能会受到群体成员的个性的影响。但是，很少有人系统地研究了团体性格对团体行为的作用。为了测试小组成员的人格对浅滩行为及其潜在机制的影响，我们调查了青博（Spinibarbus sinensis）的活动和大胆人格特征。），然后将青波浅滩分为高人格分数，低人格分数，并随机选择对照组并测量浅滩水平行为特征。与反应性浅滩（低活动度和大胆度）相比，前摄性（高活动度和大胆度）浅滩表现出较高的活动性和速度同步性，表明浅滩级别的行为受浅滩成员个性的影响。有趣的是，控制浅滩的变量介于高活动和低活动浅滩的变量之间，这表明平均活动得分可能是影响小组行为（平均确定机制）的最重要因素。然而，当青波被分为高低滩时，控制浅滩变量与低低滩相类似，这表明少数低胆的人可能对浅滩行为具有主导作用（由少数人决定的机制）。内聚力比其他变量显示出更复杂的模式，这可能是因为浅滩成员之间人格的整合对内聚力具有深远的影响。这一发现表明，个性之间的巨大个体差异对群体层面的行为产生了深远的影响，不同的机制可能为浅滩展现出巨大的浅滩多样性提供了先决条件。这些发现可能对具有食物资源和捕食强度波动的生境中的成群生活鱼类的生存具有重要的生态意义。内聚力表现出比其他变量更复杂的模式，这可能是因为浅滩成员之间人格的整合对内聚力产生了深远的影响。这一发现表明，个性之间的巨大个体差异对群体层面的行为产生了深远的影响，不同的机制可能为浅滩展现出巨大的浅滩多样性提供了先决条件。这些发现可能对具有食物资源和捕食强度波动的生境中的成群生活鱼类的生存具有重要的生态意义。内聚力比其他变量显示出更复杂的模式，这可能是因为浅滩成员之间人格的整合对内聚力具有深远的影响。这一发现表明，个性之间的巨大个体差异对群体层面的行为产生了深远的影响，不同的机制可能为浅滩展现出巨大的浅滩多样性提供了先决条件。这些发现可能对具有食物资源和捕食强度波动的生境中的成群生活鱼类的生存具有重要的生态意义。不同的机制可能为浅滩表现出较大的浅滩水平多样性提供前提。这些发现可能对具有食物资源和捕食强度波动的生境中的成群生活鱼类的生存具有重要的生态意义。不同的机制可能为浅滩表现出较大的浅滩水平多样性提供前提。这些发现可能对具有食物资源和捕食强度波动的生境中的成群生活鱼类的生存具有重要的生态意义。