BackgroundGroundwater pollution ensuing from ion exchange, weathering, agricultural and anthropogenic activities is on the rise in Nigeria. Since groundwater is used for domestic purposes, there is need for routine investigation. Findings on hydrochemistry of the groundwater components is essential for efficient and viable management. As a result, 25 Abuja water samples were collected for microbial and chemical analyses using standard methods. The cations, anions, soluble ions, trace elements, and heavy metal were obtained and compared with WHO standards.ResultsThe Discriminant analysis results shown that the parameters such as hydrogen ion concentration (pH), temperature (T), alkalinity (Alk), dissolve silica (SiO2), and cations such as calcium (Ca2+), potassium (K+), as well as anions such as carbonates ($$ {{\text{CO}}_{3}}^{2 - } $$CO32-), fluoride (F−), nitrates (NO3−), and heavy metal (Mn) were within the WHO guideline values for drinking water in all the samples for both seasons. Na+, $$ {{\text{SO}}_{4}}^{2 - } $$SO42-, EC, Mg2+, TDS, Fe2+, HCO3−, F−, TH and Cl− contents exhibited the most violation of drinking water standards with percent violations of 100, 76, 64, 56, 56, 44, 40, 40, 36 and 24%, respectively. The highest level of significant correlation was found to exist between K+ and EC (r = 0.77, α = 0.05). Four hydro chemical clusters were identified from Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) with clearly partitioned water quality. Series and time series plot reveals TDS concentration value between 1200 and 2100 mg/l, has the highest with the mean and SD are 1433.76 and 459.38, respectively. Further analysis revealed that 16, 36 and 48% of the samples were the Ca–Cl, Na–Cl, and Mixed types, respectively.ConclusionGroundwater in the Abuja district is mainly hard to very hard, slightly acidic in nature, polluted by ion exchange, agricultural activities, anthropogenic activities, and weathering. Therefore, there is also need for routine monitoring of groundwater in Abuja.

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使用 Piper 三线性和多元技术评估城市地下水质量：尼日利亚中北部阿布贾的案例研究

背景 由于离子交换、风化、农业和人为活动导致的地下水污染在尼日利亚呈上升趋势。由于地下水用于生活用途，因此需要进行例行调查。地下水成分的水化学研究结果对于有效和可行的管理至关重要。结果，使用标准方法收集了 25 个阿布贾水样用于微生物和化学分析。得到阳离子、阴离子、可溶性离子、微量元素和重金属，并与WHO标准进行比较。 结果判别分析结果表明，氢离子浓度（pH）、温度（T）、碱度（Alk）等参数，溶解二氧化硅 (SiO2)、钙 (Ca2+)、钾 (K+) 等阳离子以及碳酸盐等阴离子 ($$ {{\text{CO}}_{3}}^{2 - } $$CO32 -), 两个季节的所有样品中的氟化物 (F-)、硝酸盐 (NO3-) 和重金属 (Mn) 均在 WHO 饮用水准则值范围内。Na+、$${{\text{SO}}_{4}}^{2 - } $$SO42-、EC、Mg2+、TDS、Fe2+、HCO3-、F-、TH 和 Cl- 含量表现出最严重的违规饮用水标准的违规率分别为100%、76%、64%、56%、56%、44%、40%、40%、36%和24%。发现 K+ 和 EC 之间存在最高水平的显着相关性（r = 0.77，α = 0.05）。从分层聚类分析 (HCA) 中确定了四个水化学聚类，具有明确划分的水质。序列和时间序列图显示 TDS 浓度值在 1200 和 2100 mg/l 之间，最高，均值和 SD 分别为 1433.76 和 459.38。进一步分析表明，16%、36% 和 48% 的样品是 Ca-Cl、Na-Cl、结论阿布贾地区地下水主要为硬至极硬、微酸性，受离子交换、农业活动、人为活动和风化污染。因此，还需要对阿布贾的地下水进行常规监测。