Purpose of Review

After decades of intense academic and policy debate, a shared understanding of the term ‘plantation’ is still missing. More consistent terminology and plantation typologies are needed to enable comparability between plantation types and related ecological and socio-economic outcomes.

Recent Findings

Previous research has provided some suggestions for a plantation typology, but a more systematic approach to typology formulation is still needed. Furthermore, previously proposed typologies almost exclusively deal with plantation forestry, ignoring the links with other plantation types.

Summary

The aim of this review is to identify a comprehensive set of variables that can describe the range of different plantation types, specifically (but not exclusively) in the context of forestry. The typology was developed based on a participatory and iterative analytical process involving several expert stakeholders. The variables that contribute to constructing the typology are presented and explained in light of their influence on ecological and socio-economic outcomes. Variables include the following: (1) characteristics of planted organism (tree/non-tree), (2) species composition (monoculture/mixed), (3) origin of planted species (native/exotic), (4) plantation purpose (economic, social and environmental), (5) plantation intended use (provisioning, regulating and cultural services), (6) land ownership (public and private), (7) management responsibility (public and private), (8) management intensity (high-medium-low), (9) scale (large-medium-small) and composition (monoculture/mixed) in landscape, (10) original initiator of plantation establishment (external and internal) and (11) level of institutional arrangements (high-medium-low). The typology is then tested using three case studies. A code system is presented that scholars and practitioners can use to classify plantation types and provide the basis to aid further analyses.

中文翻译：

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描述性人工林类型学和编码系统，可帮助分析生态和社会经济成果

审查目的

经过数十年激烈的学术和政策辩论，对“种植园”一词的共识仍然缺失。需要更一致的术语和人工林类型，以实现人工林类型与相关生态和社会经济成果之间的可比性。

最近的发现

先前的研究为人工林类型学提供了一些建议，但是仍然需要一种更系统的方法来制定类型学。此外，先前提出的类型几乎只涉及人工林，而忽略了与其他人工林类型的联系。

概要

这次审查的目的是确定一组全面的变量，这些变量可以描述不同人工林类型的范围，特别是（但不仅限于）林业。类型学是在参与性和迭代性分析过程的基础上开发的，涉及多个专家利益相关者。根据变量对生态和社会经济成果的影响，介绍并解释了有助于构建类型的变量。变量包括以下内容：（1）种植生物的特征（树木/非树木），（2）物种组成（单一栽培/混合），（3）种植物种的起源（本地/外来），（4）种植目的（经济，社会和环境），（5）人工林预定用途（提供，调节和文化服务），（6）土地所有权（公共和私人），（7）管理职责（公共和私人），（8）管理强度（高-中-低），（9）规模（大-中-小）和景观构成（单一栽培/混合），（10）原始发起者人工林的建立（外部和内部）和（11）制度安排水平（高-中-低）。然后使用三个案例研究对类型进行测试。提出了一个代码系统，学者和从业人员可以使用该代码系统对人工林类型进行分类，并为进一步分析提供依据。然后使用三个案例研究对类型进行测试。提出了一个代码系统，学者和从业人员可以使用该代码系统对人工林类型进行分类，并为进一步分析提供依据。然后使用三个案例研究对类型进行测试。提出了一个代码系统，学者和从业人员可以使用该代码系统对人工林类型进行分类，并为进一步分析提供依据。