Abstract The phenolic compounds are known as priority pollutants, even in low concentrations, as a result of their toxicity and non-biodegradability. For this reason, strict standards have been established for them. In addition, chlorophenols are placed in the 38th to 43th in highest priority order of toxic pollutants. As a consequence, contaminated water or wastewaters with phenolic compounds have to be treated before discharging into the receiving water. In this study, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) has been used in order to optimize the effect of main operational variables responsible for the higher 4-chlorophenol removal by Activated Carbon-Supported Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron (AC/NZVI). A Box-Behnken factorial Design (BBD) with three levels was applied to optimize the initial concentration, time, pH, and adsorbent dose. The characterization of adsorbents was conducted by using SEM-EDS and XRD analyses. Furthermore, the adsorption isotherm and kinetics of 4-chlorophenol on AC and AC/NZVI under various conditions were studied. The model anticipated 100% removal efficiency for AC/NZVI at the optimum concentration (5.48 mg 4-chlorophenol/L), pH (5.44), contact time (44.7 min) and dose (0.65g/L). Analysis of the response surface quadratic model signified that the experiments are accurate and the model is highly significant. Moreover, the synthetic adsorbent is highly efficient in removing of 4-chlorophenol.

中文翻译：

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基于响应面模型的颗粒活性炭/纳米零价铁去除水溶液中4-氯苯酚

摘要 酚类化合物由于其毒性和不可生物降解性，即使在低浓度下也被称为优先污染物。为此，他们制定了严格的标准。此外，氯酚在毒性污染物的最高优先顺序中排在第 38 至 43 位。因此，受污染的水或含有酚类化合物的废水在排入接收水之前必须进行处理。在这项研究中，响应面方法 (RSM) 已被用于优化主要操作变量的影响，这些变量负责通过活性炭负载的纳米级零价铁 (AC/NZVI) 去除更高的 4-氯苯酚。应用具有三个水平的 Box-Behnken 因子设计 (BBD) 来优化初始浓度、时间、pH 和吸附剂剂量。吸附剂的表征是通过使用 SEM-EDS 和 XRD 分析进行的。此外，研究了不同条件下 4-氯苯酚在 AC 和 AC/NZVI 上的吸附等温线和动力学。该模型预计在最佳浓度 (5.48 mg 4-氯苯酚/L)、pH (5.44)、接触时间 (44.7 min) 和剂量 (0.65g/L) 下，AC/NZVI 的去除效率为 100%。对响应面二次模型的分析表明，实验结果准确，模型具有高度显着性。此外，合成吸附剂在去除4-氯苯酚方面非常有效。该模型预计在最佳浓度 (5.48 mg 4-氯苯酚/L)、pH (5.44)、接触时间 (44.7 min) 和剂量 (0.65g/L) 下，AC/NZVI 的去除效率为 100%。对响应面二次模型的分析表明，实验结果准确，模型具有高度显着性。此外，合成吸附剂在去除4-氯苯酚方面非常有效。该模型预计在最佳浓度 (5.48 mg 4-氯苯酚/L)、pH (5.44)、接触时间 (44.7 min) 和剂量 (0.65g/L) 下，AC/NZVI 的去除效率为 100%。对响应面二次模型的分析表明，实验结果准确，模型具有高度显着性。此外，合成吸附剂在去除4-氯苯酚方面非常有效。