The human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infects 5-10 million people worldwide and causes fatal and disabling diseases in a significant proportion of them. A chronic myelitis named HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is the typical neurological manifestation of HTLV-1. However, other neurological syndromes can be either associated with HAM/TSP or occur in isolation in the HTLV-1 infected individual. Although this fact has been widely described over the years, it has been somewhat neglected by the mainstream literature, which has been largely focused on HAM/TSP. Cognitive dysfunction, encephalopathy, neurogenic bladder, motor neuron disease, inflammatory myopathies, polyneuropathy, and dysautonomia can also occur in the HTLV-1 infected patient and may remain unnoticed to the unsuspecting physician. In the present review, we intend to draw attention, primarily to the infectious disease specialist and to the general practitioner, to the fact that HTLV-1 has a broader neurological spectrum than the designation HAM/TSP suggests and that infected individuals may harbor other neurological syndromes in addition to HAM/TSP.

中文翻译：

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HTLV-1相关神经系统复合体。隐藏在水底下的是什么？

1型人类T细胞淋巴病毒（HTLV-1）感染全世界5-10百万人，并在其中很大比例中导致致命和致残性疾病。HTLV-1相关的脊髓病/热带痉挛性轻瘫（HAM / TSP）是一种慢性脊髓炎，是HTLV-1的典型神经系统表现。但是，其他神经系统综合症可能与HAM / TSP相关，也可能单独感染HTLV-1。尽管多年来已经对此事实进行了广泛描述，但主流文献主要将其集中在HAM / TSP上，而在某种程度上却忽略了这一事实。HTLV-1感染的患者也可能发生认知功能障碍，脑病，神经源性膀胱，运动神经元疾病，炎症性肌病，多发性神经病和自主神经功能障碍，并且可能会引起医师的注意。