Groundwater contamination by non-metallic inorganic contaminants has become a severe problem to the human kind and its healthy survival. Nitrate contamination of drinking water has become a major health threat in many countries of the world including India and this issue needs to be resolved through developing advance technology to scale down the nitrate concentration and to make the water fit for drinking. With the ultimate objective of developing an inorganic and sustainable sorptive media for nitrate abatement from drinking water, hydrous bismuth oxide (HBO) has been synthesized and studied as an adsorbent for aqueous medium in the present work. Hydrous bismuth oxides based adsorbents are found to have nitrate sorptive properties along with their possible application in drinking water treatment. In an attempt of improving the potentials of HBO, incorporation of cations such as copper, iron and two transition metals each of which has vividly been used in the preparation of bi-metallic adsorbents as well as polymeric ligand exchangers. Calcium and Magnesium were included for their wide availability and possible value addition towards the purpose. HBO adsorbent mixed with cations, which has shown highest nitrate sorptive potential was characterized using X-Ray diffraction pattern, Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy analyses. It was observed that incorporation of these individual cations, the Mg and Ca did not show any improvement whereas the presence of Fe and Cu within the matrix of HBO has shown significant improvement in nitrate sorption potential of HBO and it was inferred that presence of Ca, Mg and Fe appear to be helpful in the formation of polymeric structures. Scherrer crystallite size slightly improved in presence of Mg and Fe.

中文翻译：

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阳离子加水合氧化铋对硝酸盐的吸附性能

非金属无机污染物对地下水的污染已成为人类及其健康生存的严重问题。饮用水中的硝酸盐污染已成为包括印度在内的世界许多国家的主要健康威胁，这个问题需要通过开发先进的技术来解决，以降低硝酸盐的浓度并使水适合饮用。为了开发一种无机的，可持续的饮用水吸收硝酸盐吸附剂，其最终目的是合成和研究含水氧化铋（HBO）作为目前水介质的吸附剂。发现基于水合氧化铋的吸附剂具有硝酸盐吸附特性，以及它们在饮用水处理中的可能应用。为了提高HBO的潜力，掺入阳离子，例如铜，铁和两种过渡金属，每种都生动地用于制备双金属吸附剂以及聚合物配体交换剂。包含钙和镁是因为它们具有广泛的可用性，并可能为此目的增加价值。利用X射线衍射图谱，扫描电子显微镜和傅里叶变换红外光谱分析法对HBO吸附剂与阳离子混合后表现出最高的硝酸盐吸附势进行了表征。观察到，这些单独的阳离子，Mg和Ca的掺入没有显示出任何改善，而HBO基质中Fe和Cu的存在显示了HBO硝酸盐吸附潜能的显着改善，并且可以推断出Ca，镁和铁似乎有助于聚合物结构的形成。在镁和铁的存在下，谢勒微晶尺寸略有改善。