Runtime verification is aimed at analyzing execution traces stemming from a running program or system. The traditional purpose is to detect the lack of conformance with respect to a formal specification. Numerous efforts in the field have focused on monitoring parametric specifications, where events carry data, and formulas can refer to such. Since a monitor for such specifications has to store observed data, the challenge is to have an efficient representation and manipulation of Boolean operators, quantification, and lookup of data. The fundamental problem is that the actual values of the data are not necessarily bounded or provided in advance. In this work we explore the use of binary decision diagrams for representing observed data. Our experiments show a substantial improvement in performance compared to related work.

中文翻译：

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使用 BDD 进行一阶时序逻辑监控

运行时验证旨在分析源自正在运行的程序或系统的执行跟踪。传统的目的是检测与正式规范的一致性缺失。该领域的许多努力都集中在监控参数规范上，其中事件携带数据，公式可以引用这些数据。由于此类规范的监视器必须存储观察到的数据，因此面临的挑战是有效地表示和操作布尔运算符、量化和数据查找。根本问题是数据的实际值不一定是有界的或预先提供的。在这项工作中，我们探索使用二元决策图来表示观察到的数据。我们的实验表明，与相关工作相比，性能有了显着提高。