This study is aimed at investigating the lymphocyte subsets of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to provide possible differential diagnostic values and better understand the pathophysiological mechanism underlying autoimmune encephalitis (AE) and infectious lymphocytic encephalitis. A series of CD markers, including CD3/4/8/20 representing different types and developmental stages of lymphocytes, were used to count the corresponding subpopulations of CSF from clinical and laboratory confirmed cases of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor AE (NMDAR-AE), herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSVE), and tuberculous meningitis (TBM). The percentages of lymphocytes observed and the CD4 : CD8 ratios were compared between the three groups. There were no significant differences of the percentage of total lymphocytes, CD3 cells, and CD4 cells of CSF among each group. However, there were strongly statistical differences of the CD4 : CD8 ratio in CSF of each group with 0.6 : 1 in NMDAR-AE, 0.9 : 1 in HSVE, and 3.2 : 1 in TBM. The percentage of CD20 B lymphocytes in NMDAR-AE was statistically higher than that of other groups. The distinct percentages of lymphocyte subpopulations of CSF appeared to be characteristic and could potentially serve as diagnostic indicators. Further verification and research will be necessary to clarify the significance and nature of CD4 : CD8 ratios and B lymphocytes in CSF between AE and the infectious lymphocytic encephalitis.

中文翻译：

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通过分析脑脊髓液的淋巴细胞亚群来鉴别诊断自身免疫性脑炎与感染性淋巴细胞性脑炎

这项研究旨在调查脑脊髓液（CSF）的淋巴细胞亚群，以提供可能的鉴别诊断价值，并更好地了解自身免疫性脑炎（AE）和感染性淋巴细胞性脑炎的病理生理机制。使用一系列CD标记（包括代表不同类型和淋巴细胞发育阶段的CD3 / 4/8/20），从临床和实验室确诊的抗N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体AE病例中计数相应的CSF亚群（NMDAR-AE），单纯疱疹病毒性脑炎（HSVE）和结核性脑膜炎（TBM）。比较三组之间观察到的淋巴细胞百分比和CD4：CD8比率。各组脑脊液总淋巴细胞，CD3细胞和CD4细胞百分比没有显着差异。然而，每组脑脊液中CD4：CD8的比率存在显着统计学差异，NMDAR-AE为0.6：1，HSVE为0.9：1，TBM为3.2：1。NMDAR-AE中CD20 B淋巴细胞的百分比在统计学上高于其他组。CSF淋巴细胞亚群的不同百分比似乎具有特征性，并有可能作为诊断指标。有必要进行进一步的验证和研究，以阐明AE与感染性淋巴细胞性脑炎之间CSF中CD4：CD8比值和B淋巴细胞的重要性和性质。CSF淋巴细胞亚群的不同百分比似乎具有特征性，并有可能作为诊断指标。有必要进行进一步的验证和研究，以阐明AE与感染性淋巴细胞性脑炎之间CSF中CD4：CD8比值和B淋巴细胞的重要性和性质。CSF淋巴细胞亚群的不同百分比似乎具有特征性，并有可能作为诊断指标。有必要进行进一步的验证和研究，以阐明AE与感染性淋巴细胞性脑炎之间CSF中CD4：CD8比值和B淋巴细胞的重要性和性质。