Purpose of Review

The effectiveness of wildfire suppression is difficult to define as it can be assessed against different objectives and at a range of scales. The influence of multiple variables make it a challenge to research. This two-part series presents a synthesis of the current understanding of the effectiveness of wildfire suppression determined from studies of observational data and incident records. Effectiveness is considered on four scales: flames, firelines, whole incidents, and landscapes. This first part provides an overview of wildfire suppression followed by a synthesis of research undertaken at flame and fireline scales.

Recent Findings

Wildfire suppression research has been undertaken at flame and fireline scales for different reasons. Laboratory experiments have been the main means for investigating suppression at the flame scale. These have been used to compare wildfire suppression chemicals and identify those that are most effective. Field observations of sections of fire perimeter have been used to investigate resource productivity and the effects that suppression efforts have on fire behavior to evaluate specific resource types and tactics.

Summary

There are many ways that wildfire suppression effectiveness can be defined and measured. These depend on the scale and purpose that they are considered. Wildfire suppression effectiveness research conducted at flame and fireline scales has provided a means for comparing and evaluating wildfire suppression chemicals and firefighting resources. These scales provide an opportunity for many variables to be closely examined. Laboratory experiments, typically conducted in combustion wind tunnels, allow some variables to be investigated in isolation and provide a means for repeated testing at the flame scale. Field observations and measurements made at the fireline scale can provide a realistic setting representative of the wildfire conditions where their findings will be applied.

中文翻译：

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扑灭火焰和锻造火线：灭火边缘的野火抑制效果

审查目的

难以确定野火扑灭的效果，因为可以对照不同的目标并在一定范围内进行评估。多个变量的影响使其成为研究的挑战。这个由两部分组成的系列文章介绍了对野火扑灭的有效性的最新认识，这些认识是通过对观测数据和事故记录的研究确定的。有效性分为四个等级：火焰，火线，整个事件和景观。第一部分概述了野火抑制，然后综合了火焰和火线规模的研究。

最近的发现

由于各种原因，已经在火焰和火线范围内进行了野火抑制研究。实验室实验是研究火焰规模抑制作用的主要手段。这些已被用来比较抑制野火的化学物质并确定最有效的化学物质。火灾周边区域的现场观察已用于调查资源生产率以及灭火工作对火灾行为的影响，以评估特定的资源类型和策略。

概要

可以定义和度量野火抑制效果的方法有很多。这些取决于所考虑的规模和目的。在火焰和火线规模上进行的野火抑制有效性研究提供了一种比较和评估野火抑制化学品和消防资源的手段。这些量表为许多变量被仔细检查提供了机会。通常在燃烧风洞中进行的实验室实验允许对一些变量进行单独研究，并为在火焰规模下进行重复测试提供了一种手段。以火线规模进行的野外观察和测量可以提供代表野火条件的现实环境，并将其发现应用在野火条件下。