Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are successfully used as an adjuvant in the design of effective vaccines and in the preparation of high-affinity antibodies to haptens and complete antigens. Here, we assessed the adjuvant properties of AuNPs conjugated to a synthetic M2e peptide of the influenza A virus capsid. The resulting conjugate, a commercial influenza vaccine, and M2e in combination with different adjuvants were used to immunize laboratory mice. The highest titer was detected in the sera of mice immunized with two adjuvants: AuNPs and AuNP-conjugated CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 1826. With this combination, we also recorded increases in the respiratory activity of splenic lymphocytes, in the respiratory activity of peritoneal macrophages, and in the production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IFN-γ). The results indicate that simultaneous immunization of the animals with two conjugates—M2e + AuNPs and CpG + AuNPs—activates antibody development. Therefore, the use of AuNPs as an antigen carrier leads to a complete and coordinated immune response from both cellular and humoral immunity.

中文翻译：

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M2e肽-金纳米颗粒偶联物对抗流感抗体开发的影响

金纳米粒子 (AuNPs) 已成功用作设计有效疫苗和制备针对半抗原和完整抗原的高亲和力抗体的佐剂。在这里，我们评估了与甲型流感病毒衣壳的合成 M2e 肽缀合的 AuNP 的佐剂特性。所得偶联物、商业流感疫苗和 M2e 与不同佐剂的组合用于免疫实验室小鼠。在用两种佐剂免疫的小鼠的血清中检测到最高滴度：AuNP 和 AuNP 偶联的 CpG 寡脱氧核苷酸 1826。通过这种组合，我们还记录了脾淋巴细胞呼吸活动、腹膜巨噬细胞呼吸活动和促炎细胞因子（IL-6 和 IFN-γ）的产生。结果表明，同时使用两种偶联物（M2e + AuNPs 和 CpG + AuNPs）对动物进行免疫可激活抗体的产生。因此，使用 AuNPs 作为抗原载体可导致细胞和体液免疫的完整和协调的免疫反应。