Purpose of Review

The potential of nanotechnology and nanocomposites in various sectors of research and application is promising and attracting increasing investment. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the preparation of nanomaterials from different cellulosic sources including wood. The transformation of cellulose down to the nanoscale endow these nanomaterials with new properties that give cellulose many new industrial applications in different fields, and an overview of the sound markets that can be impacted by cellulose nanomaterials is provided.

Recent Findings

Unexpected and attractive properties can be observed when decreasing the size of a material down to the nanoscale. Cellulose is no exception to the rule. Cellulose nanomaterials exhibit specific outstanding properties and are potentially useful for a large number of industrial applications. Now, after intensive research, several initiatives have emerged in the perspective of producing cellulose nanomaterials at large scale. A number of organizations have announced cellulose nanomaterial demonstration plants.

Summary

Despite being the most available natural polymer on earth, it is only quite recently that cellulose has gained prominence as a nanostructured material. Different forms of cellulose nanomaterials, resulting from a top-down deconstructing strategy (cellulose nanocrystals-CNCs, cellulose nanofibrils-CNFs) or bottom-up strategy (bacterial cellulose-BC) can be prepared. Multiple mechanical shearing actions applied to cellulosic fibers release more or less individually the nanofibrils. A controlled strong acid hydrolysis treatment can be applied to cellulosic fibers allowing dissolution of amorphous domains. The mechanical modulus of crystalline cellulose is the basis of many potential applications.

中文翻译：

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纳米纤维素的加工性能和潜在应用

审查目的

纳米技术和纳米复合材料在各个研究和应用领域的潜力是有希望的，并吸引了越来越多的投资。本文的目的是提供对从不同纤维素来源（包括木材）制备纳米材料的综述。纤维素向纳米级的转化赋予这些纳米材料以新特性，使纤维素在不同领域具有许多新的工业应用，并提供了可能受到纤维素纳米材料影响的良好市场的概述。

最近的发现

当将材料的尺寸减小到纳米级时，可以观察到出乎意料的吸引人的特性。纤维素也不例外。纤维素纳米材料表现出特定的突出特性，并且可能用于大量工业应用。现在，经过大量研究，在大规模生产纤维素纳米材料的观点方面出现了一些举措。许多组织已经宣布了纤维素纳米材料示范工厂。

概要

尽管纤维素是地球上最可用的天然聚合物，但直到最近，纤维素才作为纳米结构材料而备受关注。可以制备由自上而下的解构策略（纤维素纳米晶体-CNC，纤维素纳米原纤维-CNF）或自下而上的策略（细菌纤维素-BC）产生的不同形式的纤维素纳米材料。应用于纤维素纤维的多种机械剪切作用或多或少地分别释放了纳米原纤维。可以对纤维素纤维进行受控的强酸水解处理，从而允许无定形域的溶解。结晶纤维素的机械模量是许多潜在应用的基础。