Abstract

Uses of nanocatalysts have become more useful in optimizing catalytic reactions. They are known to enhance the rate of reaction by offering a greater number of active sites by possessing a high surface-to-volume ratio. In the present work, calcium oxide nanocatalysts were synthesized through the sol–gel method. The particle size of the nanocatalyst prepared ranged up to 8 nm. Soybean oil was used as the raw material for the synthesis of biodiesel. The synthesized nano-CaO was characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller). Average BET surface area analysis of the nanocatalyst was calculated to be 67.781 m²/g and pore diameter was 3.302 nm. Nano-CaO catalyst was used to synthesize biodiesel and optimize the reaction variables through optimization processes to achieve a high yield of biodiesel. The reaction variables that were optimized were catalyst amount, oil to methanol molar ratio and reaction temperature. Upon optimization, the conversion of biodiesel was found to be 97.61%. The optimized value of the reaction variables was: catalyst amount of 3.675 wt% with respect to oil, molar ratio (alcohol to oil) of 11:1, and reaction temperature of 60 °C for 2 h.

Graphic abstract

中文翻译：

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响应面分析法优化CaO纳米催化剂催化生物柴油生产工艺

摘要

纳米催化剂的使用在优化催化反应方面变得更加有用。已知它们通过具有高的表面体积比而通过提供大量的活性位点来提高反应速率。在目前的工作中，通过溶胶-凝胶法合成了氧化钙纳米催化剂。所制备的纳米催化剂的粒度范围高达8nm。大豆油被用作合成生物柴油的原料。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM），透射电子显微镜（TEM），X射线衍射（XRD），傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和BET（Brunauer-Emmett-Teller）表征了合成的纳米CaO。纳米催化剂的平均BET表面积分析计算为67.781 m ^2。/ g，孔径为3.302nm。纳米CaO催化剂用于合成生物柴油，并通过优化工艺优化反应变量，以实现高产率的生物柴油。优化的反应变量是催化剂量，油与甲醇的摩尔比和反应温度。经过优化，发现生物柴油的转化率为97.61％。反应变量的最佳值为：相对于油的催化剂量为3.675 wt％，摩尔比（醇与油）为11：1，反应温度为60°C，持续2 h。

图形摘要