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Modelling Dynamically Re-sizeable Electrodes (DRE) for Targeted Transcutaneous Measurements in Impedance Plethysmography
IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems ( IF 5.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-01 , DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2019.2959437
Zaheer Q Hashim , Loucas Constantinou , Iasonas F Triantis

Impedance plethysmography of extremities typically involves band electrodes around limbs to monitor changes in blood volume. This often causes monitored blood variations to only generate minuscule impedance values relative to the measured baseline, attributed to the tissue surrounding the artery or vein of interest. Smaller, ECG type electrodes can provide a larger signal, however their output is very easily affected by the placement of the electrodes relative to the targeted vasculature. This paper presents a novel method to adjust the active surface of electrodes, introducing Dynamically Re-sizeable Electrodes (DRE), to only target the exact area of interest, forming localised electrodes, without having to manually re-position them. Elongated rectangular electrodes were partitioned into smaller electrode segments, interconnected through custom circuitry. For the development and assessment of the DRE system, work was carried out both experimentally in-vitro on gelatine phantoms using custom switching circuits and through finite element modelling (FEM) simulations in COMSOL. A scanning sequence made use of DRE in single segment variable tetra-pole (SSVT) mode proved capable to identify the transcutaneous location of the blood vessel of interest and the specific electrode segments located in its vicinity. Impedance measurements were then taken using these segments connected to form localised electrodes only placed over the targeted vessel. The resulting localised electrodes exhibited up to $\text{28}\%$ increased sensitivity to blood variations relative to larger electrodes.

中文翻译:

建模动态可调整大小的电极(DRE),用于阻抗体积描记术中的靶向经皮测量

四肢的阻抗体积描记法通常涉及四肢周围的带状电极,以监测血容量的变化。这通常导致受监控的血液变化仅产生相对于所测量基线的微小阻抗值,这归因于感兴趣的动脉或静脉周围的组织。较小的ECG型电极可以提供较大的信号,但是其输出很容易受到电极相对于目标脉管系统的放置的影响。本文提出了一种新颖的方法来调节电极的有效表面,引入动态可调整大小的电极(DRE),使其仅瞄准目标区域,形成局部电极,而无需手动重新放置。将细长的矩形电极划分为较小的电极段,通过定制电路互连。为了开发和评估DRE系统,使用定制开关电路在明胶体模上进行了体外实验,并通过COMSOL中的有限元建模(FEM)模拟进行了工作。经证实,在单段可变四极杆(SSVT)模式下使用DRE进行的扫描序列能够识别目标血管的经皮位置以及位于其附近的特定电极段。然后使用这些连接的段进行阻抗测量,以形成仅放置在目标血管上方的局部电极。相对于较大的电极,所得的局部电极表现出对血液变化的敏感性提高了多达$ \ text {28} \%$。使用定制开关电路在明胶体模上进行了体外实验,并通过COMSOL中的有限元建模(FEM)模拟进行了这项工作。经证实,在单段可变四极杆(SSVT)模式下使用DRE进行的扫描序列能够识别目标血管的经皮位置以及位于其附近的特定电极段。然后使用这些连接的段进行阻抗测量,以形成仅放置在目标血管上方的局部电极。相对于较大的电极,所得的局部电极表现出对血液变化的敏感性提高了多达$ \ text {28} \%$。使用定制开关电路在明胶体模上进行了体外实验,并通过COMSOL中的有限元建模(FEM)模拟进行了这项工作。经证实,在单段可变四极杆(SSVT)模式下使用DRE进行的扫描序列能够识别目标血管的经皮位置以及位于其附近的特定电极段。然后使用这些连接的段进行阻抗测量,以形成仅放置在目标血管上方的局部电极。相对于较大的电极,所得的局部电极表现出对血液变化的敏感性提高了多达$ \ text {28} \%$。经证实,在单段可变四极杆(SSVT)模式下使用DRE进行的扫描序列能够识别目标血管的经皮位置以及位于其附近的特定电极段。然后使用这些连接的段进行阻抗测量,以形成仅放置在目标血管上方的局部电极。相对于较大的电极,所得的局部电极表现出对血液变化的敏感性提高了多达$ \ text {28} \%$。经证实,在单段可变四极杆(SSVT)模式下使用DRE进行的扫描序列能够识别目标血管的经皮位置以及位于其附近的特定电极段。然后使用这些连接的段进行阻抗测量,以形成仅放置在目标血管上方的局部电极。相对于较大的电极,所得的局部电极表现出对血液变化的敏感性提高了多达$ \ text {28} \%$。
更新日期:2020-02-01
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