Automotive systems provide sophisticated functionality and are controlled by networked electronic control units (ECUs). Nowadays, software engineers use component-based development approaches to develop their software. Moreover, software components have to be allocated to ECUs to be executed. Engineers have to cope with topology-, software-, and timing dependencies and memory-, scheduling-, and routing constraints. Currently, engineers use linear programming to specify allocation constraints manually and to compute a feasible allocation specification automatically. However, encoding the allocation problem as a linear program is a complex and error-prone task. This paper contributes a model-driven, object constraint language based, and graph pattern based allocation engineering approach for reducing the engineering effort and to avoid failures. We validate our approach with an automotive case study. We specify the software component model, the hardware platform model, and the allocation constraint specification with our engineering approach MechatronicUML. Our validation shows that we can specify allocation constraints with less engineering effort and are able to compute feasible allocation specifications automatically.

中文翻译：

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模型驱动的分配工程：基于汽车系统的例子指定和解决约束

汽车系统提供复杂的功能，并由联网的电子控制单元 (ECU) 控制。如今，软件工程师使用基于组件的开发方法来开发他们的软件。此外，必须将软件组件分配给要执行的 ECU。工程师必须处理拓扑、软件和时序相关性以及内存、调度和路由约束。目前，工程师使用线性规划来手动指定分配约束并自动计算可行的分配规范。然而，将分配问题编码为线性程序是一项复杂且容易出错的任务。本文提供了一种模型驱动、基于对象约束语言和基于图模式的分配工程方法，以减少工程工作量并避免故障。我们通过汽车案例研究验证了我们的方法。我们使用我们的工程方法 MechatronicUML 指定软件组件模型、硬件平台模型和分配约束规范。我们的验证表明，我们可以以较少的工程工作量指定分配约束，并且能够自动计算可行的分配规范。