BackgroundAntarctic marine organisms have evolved a variety of physiological, life-history and molecular adaptations that allow them to cope with the extreme conditions in one of the coldest and most temperature-stable marine environments on Earth. The increase in temperature of the Southern Ocean, product of climate change, represents a great challenge for the survival of these organisms. It has been documented that some Antarctic marine invertebrates are not capable of generating a thermal stress response by means of an increase in the synthesis of heat shock proteins, which could be related with their low capacity for acclimatization. In order to understand the role of heat shock proteins as a compensatory response in Antarctic marine species to projected scenarios of increased seawater temperatures, we assessed the expression of the genes Hsp90, Grp78, Hyou1 and Hsc70 in the Antarctic sea urchin Sterechinus neumayeri under three thermal treatments (1 °C, 3 °C and 5 °C), for a period of exposure of 1, 24 and 48 h.ResultsThe results obtained showed that these genes were expressed themselves in all of the tissues analyzed in a constitutive form. During acute thermal stress, an overexpression of the Hsp90, Grp78 and Hyou1 genes was observed in coelomocyte samples at 3 °C after 48 h, while in esophageal samples, an increase in Hsp90 and Grp78 expression was observed after 48 h. Thermal stress at 5 °C, in general, did not produce a significant increase in the expression of the genes that were studied. The expression of Hsp70 did not show modifications in its expression as a result of thermal stress.ConclusionsS. neumayeri is capable of overexpressing stress proteins as a result of thermal stress, however, this response is delayed and to a lesser degree compared to other Antarctic or temperate species. These results indicate that adult individuals could cope with the expected impacts caused by an increase in coastal sea temperatures in the Southern Ocean.

中文翻译：

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南极海胆 Sterechinus neumayeri 急性热应激下热休克蛋白的表达模式

背景南极海洋生物已经进化出多种生理、生活史和分子适应性，使它们能够在地球上最冷、温度最稳定的海洋环境之一中应对极端条件。南大洋温度升高是气候变化的产物，对这些生物的生存构成了巨大挑战。据记载，一些南极海洋无脊椎动物无法通过增加热休克蛋白的合成来产生热应激反应，这可能与它们的适应能力低有关。为了了解热休克蛋白作为南极海洋物种对预计海水温度升高情况的补偿反应的作用，我们评估了基因 Hsp90、Grp78、Hyou1 和 Hsc70 在南极海胆 Sterechinus neumayeri 在三种热处理（1°C、3°C 和 5°C）下的表达，暴露时间分别为 1、24 和 48 h.结果获得的结果表明，这些基因在所有分析的组织中均以组成型形式表达。在急性热应激期间，48 小时后在 3°C 下在体腔细胞样本中观察到 Hsp90、Grp78 和 Hyou1 基因的过度表达，而在食管样本中，在 48 小时后观察到 Hsp90 和 Grp78 表达增加。一般而言，5 °C 的热应激不会显着增加所研究基因的表达。由于热应激，Hsp70 的表达没有显示出其表达的改变。结论S。由于热应激，neumayeri 能够过度表达应激蛋白，但是，与其他南极或温带物种相比，这种反应被延迟并且程度较小。这些结果表明，成年个体可以应对南大洋沿海海水温度升高造成的预期影响。