Abstract—Oxidative stress (OS) plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and is accompanied by the development of free radical reactions of lipid peroxidation. The growth of highly reactive products of oxidative metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) leads to dysfunction and the subsequent death of dopaminergic neurons and contributes to the emergence and progression of PD. This paper assesses the prognostic significance of lipid peroxidation (LPO) products determined in the blood of patients with PD as possible biomarkers of various stages of the disease. The content of lipid hydroperoxides (LH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and 4-hydroxynonenals (4-HNE) was determined in the peripheral blood of 240 patients at stages 1–4 of the disease according to the Hoehn and Yahr scale. For all examined patients, regardless of the stage of the disease (stages 2–4), an increase in the level of lipid hydroperoxides by 20% was observed, on average. Elevated levels of MDA were registered in patients with a higher disease severity who were at the advanced stages of the disease (stages 3 and 4). For patients at stages 1 and 2 of the disease the content of MDA remained within normal levels. The content of 4-HNE increased in patients at stages 2, 3, and 4 of the disease proportionally to the severity of the disease. The most pronounced increase in the content of 4-HNE was detected in patients at the advanced stages of the disease (stages 3 and 4). In patients at the second, earlier stage of the disease, the value of this parameter was 34% lower than that in patients at the advanced stages. In patients at the first stage of the disease, all measured parameters of LPO were comparable to control values and therefore could not play a significant diagnostic biomarker role. An important aspect of this study is that some LPO markers (LH and 4-HNE) are associated with both early and late stages of the disease, while the content of MDA increased at the advanced stages. Therefore, MDA and 4-HNE may have a high prognostic value, reflecting the severity of the disease. The most sensitive and specific indicator of LPO is 4-HNE, since its content increases proportionally to the severity of the disease (stage 2 < stage 3 < stage 4). The results we obtained are important for the development of complex neuroprotective approaches to the treatment of this disease, which can prevent the selective death of nervous tissue in PD and delay the development of the neurodegenerative process.

中文翻译：

---

帕金森氏病患者血浆中的脂质过氧化产物可能是疾病不同阶段的生物标志物

摘要-氧化应激（OS）在帕金森氏病（PD）的发病机理中起重要作用，并伴随着脂质过氧化自由基反应的发展。多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）氧化代谢的高反应性产物的生长会导致功能障碍和随后的多巴胺能神经元死亡，并有助于PD的出现和发展。本文评估了PD患者血液中脂质过氧化（LPO）产品作为疾病各个阶段可能的生物标志物的预后意义。根据Hoehn和Yahr量表确定了该病1–4期的240例患者外周血中的脂质过氧化氢（LH），丙二醛（MDA）和4-羟基壬烯醛（4-HNE）的含量。对于所有接受检查的患者，不论疾病的阶段如何（2-4期），平均观察到脂质氢过氧化物的水平增加了20％。疾病严重程度较高，处于疾病晚期（第3和第4阶段）的患者的MDA水平升高。对于处于疾病第1和第2阶段的患者，MDA的含量保持在正常水平内。在疾病的第2、3和4期患者中4-HNE的含量与疾病的严重程度成正比。在疾病的晚期（3和4期）患者中检测到4-HNE含量增加最明显。在疾病的第二阶段和早期阶段，该参数的值比晚期阶段的患者低34％。在疾病的第一阶段，LPO的所有测量参数均与对照值相当，因此无法发挥重要的诊断生物标志物作用。这项研究的重要方面是某些LPO标记（LH和4-HNE）与疾病的早期和晚期相关，而MDA的含量在晚期则增加。因此，MDA和4-HNE可能具有较高的预后价值，反映出疾病的严重性。LPO最敏感，最具体的指标是4-HNE，因为它的含量与疾病的严重程度成比例地增加（2期<3期<4期）。我们获得的结果对于开发复杂的神经保护方法来治疗该疾病具有重要意义，该方法可以防止PD中神经组织的选择性死亡并延缓神经退行性过程的发展。