Inflammation is a protective response of a multicellular organism to injury in order to localize, eliminate, and remove harmful stimuli as well as to recover (or replace) damaged tissues. There recently has been increasing evidence that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the initiation, progression, and resolution of the inflammatory response. Furthermore, ROS act as microbicidal agents and second messengers in the intracellular signaling. The latter function is performed via posttranslational modification of protein- associated redox-sensitive cysteine residues that can undergo oxidation. At the same time, there is clear evidence that overproduction of ROS may result in cell and tissue injury and contribute to chronic inflammation underlying many neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases. This review has focused on the role of ROS in the key inflammatory events (increased vascular permeability and leukocyte extravasation, respiratory burst and phagocytosis, and angiogenesis) and some events leading to the resolution of inflammation. In addition, the pathological function of ROS in oxidative stress is discussed.

中文翻译：

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活性氧在炎症中的作用：综述

炎症是多细胞生物对损伤的保护性反应，以定位，消除和去除有害刺激物以及恢复（或替换）受损的组织。最近，越来越多的证据表明活性氧（ROS）与炎症反应的发生，发展和消退有关。此外，ROS在细胞内信号传导中充当杀菌剂和第二信使。后者的功能是通过蛋白质相关的氧化还原敏感的半胱氨酸残基的翻译后修饰来实现的，该残基可能会被氧化。同时，有明确的证据表明，ROS的过量产生可能导致细胞和组织损伤，并导致许多神经退行性，心血管和代谢性疾病的慢性炎症。这篇综述集中于ROS在关键炎症事件（增加的血管通透性和白细胞外渗，呼吸爆发和吞噬作用以及血管生成）中的作用，以及导致炎症消退的一些事件。另外，还讨论了ROS在氧化应激中的病理功能。