Shearing is a fast and inexpensive method to cut sheet metal that has been used since the beginning of the industrialism. Consequently, published experimental studies of shearing can be found from over a century back in time. Recent studies, however, are due to the availability of low-cost digital computation power, mostly based on finite element simulations that guarantees quick results. Still, for validation of models and simulations, accurate experimental data is a requisite. When applicable, 2D models are in general desirable over 3D models because of advantages like low computation time and easy model formulation. Shearing of sheet metal with parallel tools is successfully modeled in 2D with a plane strain approximation, but with angled tools, the approximation is less obvious. Plane strain approximations for shearing with angled tools were evaluated by shear experiments of high accuracy. Tool angle, tool clearance, and clamping of the sheet were varied in the experiments. The results showed that the measured forces in shearing with angled tools can be approximately calculated using force measurements from shearing with parallel tools. Shearing energy was introduced as a quantifiable measure of suitable tool clearance range. The effects of the shearing parameters on forces were in agreement with previous studies. Based on the agreement between calculations and experiments, analysis based on a plane strain assumption is considered applicable for angled tools with a small (up to 2°) rake angle.

中文翻译：

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斜角钢板剪切力和能量的实验研究。

自工业化开始以来，剪切是一种快速，廉价的金属板切割方法。因此，可以追溯到一个多世纪前的已发表的剪切实验研究。但是，最近的研究归因于低成本数字计算能力的获得，这些数字计算能力主要基于保证快速结果的有限元模拟。尽管如此，对于模型和仿真的验证，准确的实验数据仍然是必需的。当适用时，由于具有诸如低计算时间和易于模型制定的优点，通常比3D模型更需要2D模型。使用平面工具近似地成功地使用平行工具对钣金的剪切进行了二维建模，但是使用倾斜工具时，这种近似并不那么明显。通过高精度的剪切实验评估了带角度工具剪切的平面应变近似值。在实验中，工具的角度，工具的间隙和对板材的夹持力都不同。结果表明，使用斜角工具剪切力时，可以使用平行工具剪切力的测量结果来近似计算测得的力。引入了剪切能，作为对合适的刀具游隙范围的量化度量。剪切参数对力的影响与以前的研究一致。基于计算和实验之间的一致性，基于平面应变假设的分析被认为适用于前角较小（最大2°）的成角度工具。在实验中，片材的夹持和夹持有所不同。结果表明，使用斜角工具剪切力时，可以使用平行工具剪切力的测量结果来近似计算测得的力。引入了剪切能，作为对合适的刀具游隙范围的量化度量。剪切参数对力的影响与以前的研究一致。基于计算和实验之间的一致性，基于平面应变假设的分析被认为适用于前角较小（最大2°）的成角度工具。在实验中，片材的夹持和夹持有所不同。结果表明，使用斜角工具剪切力时，可以使用平行工具剪切力的测量结果来近似计算测得的力。引入了剪切能，作为对合适的刀具游隙范围的量化度量。剪切参数对力的影响与以前的研究一致。基于计算和实验之间的一致性，基于平面应变假设的分析被认为适用于前角较小（最大2°）的成角度工具。剪切参数对力的影响与以前的研究一致。基于计算和实验之间的一致性，基于平面应变假设的分析被认为适用于前角较小（最大2°）的成角度工具。剪切参数对力的影响与以前的研究一致。基于计算和实验之间的一致性，基于平面应变假设的分析被认为适用于前角较小（最大2°）的成角度工具。