Indigenous populations in Latin America are among the most socially vulnerable groups and their children often suffer severe deprivation in terms of access to proper nutrition, water, and shelter. This study describes the nutritional status of Qom preschoolers in general, and by neighborhood area and family’s socioeconomic characteristics in a peri-urban village of Formosa, Argentina. Across-sectional study was carried out between January and December 2016, with 160 Qom children between 2 and 5 years of age. Interviews and anthropometric measures were conducted at the children’s homes. Nutritional status was determined by body mass index. The prevalence of excess weight (overweight + obesity) and of stunting were associated with neighborhood area and socioeconomic level. The overall prevalence of stunting was 15.6% and it was found to be higher (25.8%) in areas of relatively lower access to material resources. The overall prevalence of excess weight reached 25%; however, neighborhood areas with greater access to material resources had a significantly higher prevalence of children with excess weight (41.2%). Despite the entire community living under the line of poverty, we found differences in nutritional status by neighborhood areas, suggesting an incipient social stratification and a deepening of inequalities in access to resources.

拉丁美洲的土著居民是社会上最易受伤害的群体，其子女在获得适当营养，水和住房方面经常遭受严重剥夺。这项研究描述了Qom学龄前儿童的总体营养状况，并按邻国面积和阿根廷福尔摩沙郊区村庄的家庭社会经济特征进行了描述。2016年1月至2016年12月进行了横断面研究，研究对象为160名2至5岁的Qom儿童。在儿童之家进行了访谈和人体测量。营养状况由体重指数决定。体重超重（超重+肥胖）和发育迟缓的患病率与社区面积和社会经济水平相关。发育迟缓的总体患病率为15。6％，在物质资源获取相对较少的地区，这一比例更高（25.8％）。总体超重率达到25％；然而，拥有更多物质资源的邻里地区，体重超标儿童的患病率明显更高（41.2％）。尽管整个社区生活在贫困线以下，但我们发现邻近地​​区的营养状况存在差异，这表明社会阶层开始出现分化，资源获取的不平等现象日益严重。